有机无机肥配施对旱地冬小麦产量及土壤物理性质的影响

张然; 史雷; 马龙; 王楷; 翟丙年; 李紫燕; 王朝辉

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.045

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有机无机肥配施对旱地冬小麦产量及土壤物理性质的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 有机无机肥配施对旱地冬小麦产量及土壤物理性质的影响
- Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Winter Wheat Yield and Soil Physical Properties in Dryland
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第6期页码：325-330
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "张然(1995-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事旱地水肥管理研究。E-mail:1441762040@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0200403）国家科技支撑计划项目（2015BAD23B04）公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503124）国家自然科学基金项目（31772389）国家小麦现代产业技术体系建设专项（Z225020803）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.045
  中图分类号： S512.1
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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张然, 史雷, 马龙, 等. 有机无机肥配施对旱地冬小麦产量及土壤物理性质的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(6):325-330.

ZHANG Ran, SHI Lei, MA Long, et al. Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Winter Wheat Yield and Soil Physical Properties in Dryland[J]. 2020, 34(6): 325-330.
张然, 史雷, 马龙, 等. 有机无机肥配施对旱地冬小麦产量及土壤物理性质的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(6):325-330. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.045.

ZHANG Ran, SHI Lei, MA Long, et al. Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Winter Wheat Yield and Soil Physical Properties in Dryland[J]. 2020, 34(6): 325-330. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.045.

摘要

通过研究有机无机肥配施对西北旱地冬小麦产量和土壤物理性质的影响，在保证冬小麦高产稳产基础上兼顾土壤物理性质，明确西北旱地麦田配施定量有机肥的最佳施氮量，为农业可持续发展提供参考。以冬小麦为供试作物，在西北旱区麦田连续5年进行了田间定位试验，采用裂区设计，主处理为施氮量分别为0，75，150，225，300 kg/hm2的5个氮水平，副处理为是否配施有机肥（30 t/hm2）。于2019年6月收获小麦后取0—10，10—20，20—40 cm土层的样品，测定其土壤容重、饱和导水率以及水稳定性团聚体等相关指标。结果表明，有机无机肥配施较单施化肥能使冬小麦产量显著增加，5年内平均提高13%，且效果最好为N150+M处理。配施有机肥后，供试土壤容重降低，在0—10，10—20，20—40 cm土层施加有机肥较不施有机肥容重分别降低4%，2%和4%。在0—10 cm土层有机无机肥配施较单施化肥降低了各处理的土壤饱和导水率，但未达到显著差异。与N0处理相比，N0+M处理下>2 mm的水稳性团聚体含量在0—10，10—20，20—40 cm土层中分别增加224%，105%，3%。无论是否配施有机肥，0—40 cm土层中土壤团聚体的MWD和GMD值均无明显变化，但整体看来，施氮量为150 kg/hm2对供试土壤水稳性团聚体的MWD和GMD值更为有利，对水稳性团聚体的稳定有一定的促进作用。综上可知，当施氮量为150 kg/hm2时，与施用量为30 t/hm2的有机肥配施有利于西北旱地冬小麦增产及土壤结构的稳定。

Abstract

Field positioning experiments with split-plot design were conducted for five consecutive years on winter wheat which was used as the test crop in the dryland of Northwest China. The main treatment was five nitrogen application rates (N 0

150

225

300 kg/hm2)

while the secondary treatment was mixed with or without organic fertilizer (30 t/hm2). After harvesting in June 2019

we took samples of soil layers of 0—10

10—20

and 20—40 cm to measure and analyze soil physical properties such as soil bulk density

saturated hydraulic conductivity

and water stable aggregates. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer significantly increased the winter wheat yield compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer

with an average increase of 13% in five years

and the best effect was N150+M treatment. After the application of organic fertilizer

the bulk density of the tested soil decreased. In the 0—10

10—20

and 20—40 cm soil layers

the bulk density of treatments received organic fertilizer respectively decreased by 4%

and 4%. In the 0—10 cm soil layer

the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers reduced the saturated hydraulic conductivity of each treatment compared with the single application of chemical fertilizers

but failed to reach a significant difference. Compared with N0 treatment

the water-stable aggregates of >2 mm respectively increased by 224%

105%

and 3% in the 0—10

10—20

and 20—40 cm soil layers under N0+M treatment. The MWD and GMD values of the soil aggregates in the 0—40 cm soil layer did not change significantly when the organic and inorganic fertilizers were combined with chemical fertilizers. But the nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/hm2 had a stable effect on the water-stable aggregates of the tested soil and had a certain promoting role. To sum up

the application of N 150 kg/hm2 with organic fertilizer 30 t/hm2 is beneficial to the increase of winter wheat yield and the stability of the soil structure in the northwest dryland.

关键词

Keywords

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