设施黄瓜产量、品质及养分利用对不同土壤调理措施的响应

王亚玲; 王赫; 彭正萍; 刘赞; 庞建军; 杨扬; 付鑫; 门明新

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.038

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设施黄瓜产量、品质及养分利用对不同土壤调理措施的响应

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 设施黄瓜产量、品质及养分利用对不同土壤调理措施的响应
- Responses of Yield, Quality and Nutrient Utilization in Facility Cucumber to Different Soil Conditioning Measures
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第6期页码：275-280
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北,保定,071000
  2. 国家华北作物改良与调控重点实验室,河北,保定,071001
  3. 古冶区农业农村局,河北,唐山,063100
  4. 涿鹿县农业农村局,河北,张家口,075600
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "王亚玲(1993-),女,内蒙古太仆寺旗人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事植物营养与生态环境研究。E-mail:1102237379@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  河北省重点研发计划项目"设施黄瓜施肥调控与耕层土壤调理技术研究与示范"（19226912D）河北省人才工程培养项目（A201910003）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.038
  中图分类号： S158.3;S642.2
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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王亚玲, 王赫, 彭正萍, 等. 设施黄瓜产量、品质及养分利用对不同土壤调理措施的响应[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(6):275-280.

WANG Yaling, WANG He, PENG Zhengping, et al. Responses of Yield, Quality and Nutrient Utilization in Facility Cucumber to Different Soil Conditioning Measures[J]. 2020, 34(6): 275-280.
王亚玲, 王赫, 彭正萍, 等. 设施黄瓜产量、品质及养分利用对不同土壤调理措施的响应[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(6):275-280. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.038.

WANG Yaling, WANG He, PENG Zhengping, et al. Responses of Yield, Quality and Nutrient Utilization in Facility Cucumber to Different Soil Conditioning Measures[J]. 2020, 34(6): 275-280. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.038.

摘要

针对设施菜地施肥量大、肥料利用率低、果实品质变差、土壤环境劣质等问题，采用田间试验法，研究了无机肥配施不同土壤调理措施对设施黄瓜产量、品质、养分利用及土壤改良的影响，为实现蔬菜安全生产和保护土壤环境质量提供科学依据。结果表明：与农民习惯施肥相比，推荐无机肥配施生物菌肥、中微量养分、沸石处理的氮磷钾无机肥用量均减少40%左右，黄瓜产量却提高6.3%~8.7%，纯收入增加18 663~19 958元/hm2，其中推荐无机肥配施生物菌肥的整株植物氮、钾积累量分别增加13.3%和22.7%，土壤细菌、放线菌数量和细菌/真菌比值分别增加3.2，1.7，7.7倍；推荐无机肥配施沸石的整株磷积累量增加31.7%，表层土壤NH4+—N提升31.6%；配施生物菌肥和中微量养分处理的VC、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量分别增加14.0%~18.6%，22.2%~34.6%，7.8%~10.0%，硝酸盐降低15.8%~21.7%。与推荐施肥比较，3种土壤调理措施氮磷钾肥生产效率提高6.2%~8.5%，氮磷钾肥农学效率增加26.1%~35.9%。说明3种土壤调理剂均促进黄瓜养分吸收，增加产量，改善其果实品质，降低土壤氮素残留，增加土壤有益微生物数量，其中以推荐无机肥配施生物菌肥既稳产提质，生物和土壤环境效益又较佳，值得在生产中推荐应用。

Abstract

In view of the problems of large fertilizer application rate

low fertilizer utilization rate

poor fruit quality soil environment in facility vegetable fields

a field experiment was conducted to study the yield

quality

nutrient utilization

and soil of facility cucumber under different soil conditioning measures. The impact of the improvement would provide a scientific basis for the realization of safe vegetable production and protection of soil environmental quality. The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization of local farmers

the recommended inorganic fertilizer combined with biological bacterial fertilizer

medium and micronutrients

and zeolite-treated N

P and K inorganic fertilizers were all reduced by about 40%

but cucumber yield was increased from 6.3% to 8.7%

and net income increase from 18 663 to 19 958 yuan/hm2. The nitrogen and potassium accumulation in the whole plant treated by inorganic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer were increased by 13.3% and 22.7%

respectively. And the population of soil bacteria and actinomycetes and the ratio of bacteria/fungi were increased by 3.2

1.7 and 7.7 times. The phosphorus accumulation in the whole plant treated by inorganic fertilizer and zeolite was increased by 31.7%. The surface soil NH4+—N content was increased by 31.6%. The contents of VC

soluble protein and soluble sugar under the application of biological bacterial fertilizer and medium and micronutrient treatment increased from 14.0% to 18.6%

22.2% to 34.6%

7.8% to 10.0%

and nitrate decreased by 15.8% to 21.7%. Compared with the recommended fertilization

the three soil conditioning measures increased the production efficiency of N

P and K fertilizers by 6.2% to 8.5%

and increased the agronomic efficiency of N

P and K fertilizers by 26.1% to 35.9%. All the three soil conditioners promoted cucumber nutrient absorption

increased yield

improved the fruit quality

reduced soil nitrogen residues

and increased the population of beneficial microorganisms in the soil. Among them

the recommended inorganic fertilizer combined with biological bacterial fertilizer were used to stabilize production and improve the quality of organisms and soil. With the better environmental benefit

it was recommended in facility cucumber production.

关键词

Keywords

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