秸秆全量还田下磷钾配施对晚粳稻产量及品质的影响

成臣; 吕伟生; 朱博; 卢占军; 王盛亮; 程慧煌; 胡启星; 黎星; 石庆华; 曾勇军

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.034

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秸秆全量还田下磷钾配施对晚粳稻产量及品质的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 秸秆全量还田下磷钾配施对晚粳稻产量及品质的影响
- Effects of Combined Application of Phosphorus and Potassium on Japonica Rice Yield and Quality Under Total Crop Residue Incorporated During the Late-rice Cropping Seasons
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第6期页码：244-251
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室, 江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室, 江西农业大学双季稻现代化生产协同创新中心,南昌,330045
  2. 赣南师范大学生命科学学院, 国家脐橙工程技术研究中心,江西,赣州,341000
  3. 江西省红壤研究所,南昌,331717
  4. 江西省高安市农业农村局,江西,宜春,330800
  5. 江西省棉花研究所,江西,九江,332105
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "成臣(1990-),男,讲师,主要从事水稻栽培理论与技术研究。E-mail:chengchenzxm@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0301605，2018YFD0301102）江西省水稻产业技术体系专项（JXARS-02-03）江西现代农业科研协同创新专项"优质晚粳稻新品种（系）品质变异特征及机械化轻简化栽培技术研究"（JXXTCX2015001-011）中青年科技创新领军人才专项（赣科计字[2018]175号）国家"万人计划"特殊支技项目（国科发资[2019]252号）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.034
  中图分类号： S511
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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成臣, 吕伟生, 朱博, 等. 秸秆全量还田下磷钾配施对晚粳稻产量及品质的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(6):244-251.

CHENG Chen, Lü Weisheng, ZHU Bo, et al. Effects of Combined Application of Phosphorus and Potassium on Japonica Rice Yield and Quality Under Total Crop Residue Incorporated During the Late-rice Cropping Seasons[J]. 2020, 34(6): 244-251.
成臣, 吕伟生, 朱博, 等. 秸秆全量还田下磷钾配施对晚粳稻产量及品质的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(6):244-251. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.034.

CHENG Chen, Lü Weisheng, ZHU Bo, et al. Effects of Combined Application of Phosphorus and Potassium on Japonica Rice Yield and Quality Under Total Crop Residue Incorporated During the Late-rice Cropping Seasons[J]. 2020, 34(6): 244-251. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.034.

摘要

作物秸秆含有丰富的磷、钾等营养元素，但秸秆还田下晚粳稻最佳磷钾配施目前尚不明确。采用磷钾两因素完全随机试验设计，设磷（P2O5）0，63.75，127.50，191.25 kg/hm2（记P0、P1、P2、P3）和钾（K2O）0，102，204，306 kg/hm2（记K0、K1、K2、K3）各4个水平。在水稻成熟期取样测定产量、品质及精米氮素累积量。结果表明：磷肥和钾肥均显著提高了晚粳稻产量、干物质量和收获指数，且二者具有显著互作效应；磷钾合理配施可协同促进晚粳稻产量，当磷、钾肥用量分别62.45 kg/hm2和206.08 kg/hm2时实现较高产。同时，适宜磷钾配施也显著协同提高精米氮素累积量。磷钾合理配施能够提高稻米出糙率、精米率、整精米率及胶稠度，但增加了垩白粒率、垩白度、直链淀粉及粗蛋白含量。除峰值黏度、热浆黏度及冷胶黏度在钾肥用量上存在显著性差异外，各RVA谱特征值在钾肥、磷肥及二者互作上均无显著性差异；其中增施钾肥峰值黏度、热浆黏度及冷胶黏度均先增后降。南方晚粳稻实际生产中应重视优化磷钾配施比例，在土壤地力中上等及秸秆全量还田条件下，采用P1K2的施肥方案可充分发挥磷钾的协同促进效应，同步实现晚粳稻高产、高效并兼顾优质生产。

Abstract

Crop straw is rich in phosphorus (P)

potassium (K) and other nutrient elements

but the optimal combined application of phosphorus and potassium on late japonica rice under crop residue incorporation is still unclear. A two-factor (P and K) experimental design was adopted in the field experiments

four levels of P and K fertilizer application rates were set up

which P2O5 were 0

63.75

127.50

191.25 kg/hm2 (denoted by P0

P3) and K2O were 0

102

204

306 kg/hm2 (denoted by K0

K3)

respectively. The yield

quality

and milled rice nitrogen accumulation of japonica rice were investigated and analyzed at rice harvest stage. Both P and K fertilizer could significantly enhance the yield

dry matter weight and harvest index of late japonica rice

and the significant interaction effect between them was found in our study. The reasonable combined application of P and K fertilizers had synergetic effect on the yield of late japonica rice

the high yield was achieved when the application rates of P and K fertilizer were 62.45 kg/hm2and 206.08 kg/hm2

respectively. At the same time

the milled rice nitrogen accumulation was significantly increased by the reasonable combined application of P and K fertilizers. The brown rice rate

milled rice rate

head milled rice and gel consistency were improved by the reasonable combined application of P and K fertilizers

but the chalkiness rate

chalkiness degree

amylose content and protein content were also increased. Except that the peak viscosity

hot viscosity and cool viscosity had significant differences among the amount of K fertilizer

there were no significant differences in the rice RVA profile characteristics in P

K fertilizer and interaction of both. And the peak viscosity

hot viscosity and cool viscosity were first increased and then decreased with the increased amount of K fertilizer applied. In practices

optimizing the combined application of P and K fertilizers on japonica rice should be concerned during the late-rice cropping seasons in Southern China. The synergy effect of K and P was best under P1K2

which simultaneously achieved the high yield

high efficiency and high quality production of late japonica rice under upper-middle soil fertility and total rice straw incorporation.

关键词

Keywords

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