节水灌溉方式与磷钾肥减施对小麦产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响

张晶; 党建友; 张定一; 裴雪霞; 王姣爱; 程麦凤; 闫翠萍

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.024

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节水灌溉方式与磷钾肥减施对小麦产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 节水灌溉方式与磷钾肥减施对小麦产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响
- Effects of Water-saving Irrigation and Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Wheat
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第6期页码：166-171
- 作者机构：
  
  山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西,临汾,041000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "张晶(1984-),女,副研究员,主要从事小麦水肥高效利用研究。E-mail:zhangjing3298@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0200404-07）现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-3-2-7）山西省重点研发计划项目（201903D221022）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.024
  中图分类号： S274;S512.1
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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张晶, 党建友, 张定一, 等. 节水灌溉方式与磷钾肥减施对小麦产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(6):166-171.

ZHANG Jing, DANG Jianyou, ZHANG Dingyi, et al. Effects of Water-saving Irrigation and Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Wheat[J]. 2020, 34(6): 166-171.
张晶, 党建友, 张定一, 等. 节水灌溉方式与磷钾肥减施对小麦产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(6):166-171. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.024.

ZHANG Jing, DANG Jianyou, ZHANG Dingyi, et al. Effects of Water-saving Irrigation and Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Wheat[J]. 2020, 34(6): 166-171. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.024.

摘要

为探明滴灌、微喷灌和磷钾肥减施对小麦产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响，通过田间试验，以漫灌常量施肥为对照（CK），设滴灌（W1）和微喷灌（W2）2种节水灌溉方式，生育期均灌水4次，即越冬水+返青水+拔节水+灌浆水（越冬水、拔节水灌水量600 m3/hm2、返青水和灌浆水灌水量300 m3/hm2）；W1和W2下设磷钾肥常量（RPK）和磷钾肥减施20%（RPK-20），30%（RPK-30）和40%（RPK-40），施用方式均底肥撒施50%，返青期和拔节期水肥一体化各施25%；以磷钾肥常量全部底施为相对对照（CK相），11个处理，调查分析产量及其构成、品质特性和水肥利用效率等。结果表明，W1和W2减施处理的产量均随磷钾肥减施量增加而减少，其中滴灌在磷钾肥减施20%时显著增产，较CK增产15.49%，增产主要与成穗数和穗粒数增加有关；相同减施处理W2产量低于W1；W1、W2处理的蛋白质含量、沉降值及稳定时间均较CK显著提高，RPK和减施处理的沉降值W1>W2。相同减施处理生育期耗水量W12，水分利用效率则相反，其中W1较CK提高42.35%~105.24%，W2较CK提高36.06%~56.18%。磷钾肥底施+水肥一体化追施的水分利用效率高于CK相；W1、W2较CK氮磷钾肥偏生产力提高，相同减施处理氮磷钾肥偏生产力W1>W2，滴灌在磷钾肥减施20%时氮肥偏生产力显著提高；滴灌磷钾肥减施对0—40 cm土壤养分含量影响较小，但使有效磷含量有所提高。综合分析，山西省南部麦区，冬小麦采用滴灌浇水，生育期灌4水（1 800 m3/hm2），磷钾肥减施且采用50%底施+返青期和拔节期水肥一体化追施25%时，减施20%产量、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力最高，是高产高效水肥管理模式，减施30%虽产量次高，但品质性状最好，是稳产提质水肥管理模式。

Abstract

To study the effects of water-saving irrigation and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer reduction on wheat yield

quality

and water and fertilizer use efficiency

field experiments were conducted to study the effects of drip irrigation (W1) and micro-sprinkler irrigation (W2) on water-saving irrigation with constant fertilization as control (CK)

four times of irrigation during the growth period (overwintering water

jointing water irrigation 600 m3/hm2

reviving water

and grouting water irrigation 300 m3/hm2). Under W1 and W2

phosphorus and potassium fertilizer constant (RPK) and reduced by 20% (RPK-20)

30% (RPK-30)

and 40% (RPK-40) were applied with 50% basal fertilizer

and 25% of water and fertilizer were applied in returning green stage and jointing stage respectively

yield and its components

quality characteristics and water use and fertilizer efficiency were investigated and analyzed in 11 treatments. The results showed that the yield of W1 and W2 treatments decreased with the increase of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer reduction

and the yield of drip irrigation increased significantly for RPK-20

was 15.49% higher than that of CK

which was mainly related to the increase of panicle number and grain number per spike. The yield of W2 was lower than that of W1 under the same treatment. The protein content

sedimentation value

and settling time of W1 and W2 treatments were significantly higher than those of CK. The sedimentation value of RPK and decreasing treatment was W1>W2. W1 was 42.35%~105.24% higher than CK

W2 was 36.06%~56.18% higher than CK. The water use efficiency of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer combined with bottom application and top application was higher than that of CK相. The partial productivity of W1 and W2 were higher than that of CK. The same reduction of N

and K fertilizer was W1>W2. The partial productivity of nitrogen increased significantly by W1RPK-20. The effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer decreased on soil nutrient content was small in 0—40 cm soil

but the available P content was increased. Comprehensive analysis showed that in the wheat grow region in the south of Shanxi Province

drip irrigation was used for winter wheat

four times irrigation was used for growing period

and 50% basal application

and 25% of water and fertilizer application was integrated topdressing

and 20% reduction of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer yield and water use efficiency were the highest

it is a high-yield and high-efficiency water and fertilizer management mode. The 30% reduction of phosphorus and potassium was the best water and fertilizer management mode.

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