黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区藓结皮覆盖土壤的蒸发特征

李渊博; 李胜龙; 肖波; 王芳芳

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.029

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黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区藓结皮覆盖土壤的蒸发特征

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区藓结皮覆盖土壤的蒸发特征
- Evaporation Characteristics of Soil Covered with Moss Crust in the Wind-water Erosion Crisscross Region of the Loess Plateau
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第5期页码：208-215
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京,100193
  2. 农业部华北耕地保育重点实验室,北京,100193
  3. 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "李渊博(1994-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事生物结皮和水土保持研究。E-mail:yuanbo@cau.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目（41671221）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.029
  中图分类号： S152.7;S157.1
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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李渊博, 李胜龙, 肖波, 等. 黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区藓结皮覆盖土壤的蒸发特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(5):208-215.

LI Yuanbo, LI Shenglong, XIAO Bo, et al. Evaporation Characteristics of Soil Covered with Moss Crust in the Wind-water Erosion Crisscross Region of the Loess Plateau[J]. 2020, 34(5): 208-215.
李渊博, 李胜龙, 肖波, 等. 黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区藓结皮覆盖土壤的蒸发特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(5):208-215. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.029.

LI Yuanbo, LI Shenglong, XIAO Bo, et al. Evaporation Characteristics of Soil Covered with Moss Crust in the Wind-water Erosion Crisscross Region of the Loess Plateau[J]. 2020, 34(5): 208-215. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.029.

摘要

土壤蒸发是地表水分平衡及能量交换的组成部分，是干旱和半干旱区水文循环的关键环节。为探究黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区生物结皮对土壤蒸发的影响，以风沙土和黄绵土上发育的藓结皮为研究对象，通过模拟蒸发试验和自然蒸发试验，测定了不同蒸发条件下藓结皮覆盖土壤和无结皮土壤的蒸发强度，分析了藓结皮覆盖土壤的蒸发特征及其与无结皮土壤的差异。结果表明：（1）模拟蒸发试验中，藓结皮对土壤蒸发过程的影响表现出明显的阶段性，与无结皮土壤相比，藓结皮使土壤蒸发强度在大气蒸发力控制阶段降低了3.04%~15.46%（0.21~1.05 mm/d），在土壤导水率控制阶段增加了32.26%~187.07%（0.58~2.54 mm/d），在水汽扩散控制阶段增加了12.91%~87.73%（0.05~0.34 mm/d）；土壤累积蒸发量大小表现为藓结皮覆盖土壤>无结皮土壤。（2）自然蒸发试验中，6月16日至9月3日，无降雨时藓结皮覆盖土壤和无结皮土壤的蒸发速率均较低，藓结皮覆盖土壤的日平均蒸发量是无结皮土壤的1.12~1.42倍，自然降雨后二者的蒸发速率快速增加，降雨后土壤蒸发量是降雨前的2.20~8.55倍；在8月10—22日观测期内，藓结皮在雨后增加了土壤含水量，并对土壤蒸发起到促进作用，藓结皮覆盖土壤的累积蒸发量显著提高了19.22%~64.09%（F=21.85，P<0.01）。研究表明，藓结皮覆盖增加了风沙土和黄绵土的水分蒸发强度，可能会对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区土壤水分保持产生不利影响。

Abstract

Soil evaporation is an important component of soil water balance and energy exchange

and it is also a key link in the hydrological cycle in arid and semi-arid region. In this study

the evaporation rates of the biocrusts and non-crusted soil developed on aeolian sandy soil and loessal soil were measured under simulated and natural conditions by using micro-lysimeters in the wind-water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau of China

the differences of biocrusts soil and non-crusted soil evaporation characteristics were analyzed

and the soil bulk density

soil particle distribution

and organic matter were determined. The results showed that: (1) The process of evaporation could be clearly divided into three stages under simulated evaporation experiment. As compared with non-crusted soil

biocrusts soil decreased the evaporation rate by 3.04%~15.46% (0.21~1.05 mm/day) at atmospheric evaporation control stage; while it was increased by 32.26%~187.07% (0.58~2.54 mm/day) at soil hydraulic conductivity control stage

and by 12.91% to 87.73% (0.05~0.34 mm/day) at vapor diffusion control stage

in addition

the cumulative soil evaporation was expressed as biocrusts soil higher than non-crusted soil under simulated evaporation experiment. (2) Moreover

the evaporation rate of biocrusts and non-crusted soil was low under natural evaporation conditions from June 16 to September 3

and the daily average evaporation of biocrusts soil was 1.12~1.42 times that of non-crusted soil. The evaporation rates of biocrusts soil and non-crusted soil increased rapidly after rainfall. Furthermore

the soil evaporation amount after rainfall was 2.20~8.55 times that before rainfall

biocrusts increased soil water content after rain and promoted soil evaporation. In addition

biocrusts significantly increased soil cumulative evaporation (F=21.85

P<0.01) from August 10 to August 22. Our experiments indicated that biocrusts significantly enhance the evaporation of aeolian and loessal soil

which may play adverse effects on soil moisture retention in the wind-water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau of China. It is

therefore

essential to pay high attention to the effects of biocrust covering on soil evaporation and take necessary methods on the Loess Plateau of China.

关键词

Keywords

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