冻融作用对典型黑土土壤风蚀的影响

王一菲; 郑粉莉; 张加琼; 左小锋; 桑琦明; 张勋昌; 王伦

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.005

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冻融作用对典型黑土土壤风蚀的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 冻融作用对典型黑土土壤风蚀的影响
- Effects of Freeze-thaw on Wind Erosion in the Typical Mollisol Region
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第5期页码：34-41
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
  3. 美国农业部农业研究局牧草地实验室, 厄尔雷诺,73036
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "王一菲(1995-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀过程与机理研究。E-mail:wangyifei1988@126.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFE0202900）美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程专项子课题（XDA23060502）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.005
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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王一菲, 郑粉莉, 张加琼, 等. 冻融作用对典型黑土土壤风蚀的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(5):34-41.

WANG Yifei, ZHENG Fenli, ZHANG Jiaqiong, et al. Effects of Freeze-thaw on Wind Erosion in the Typical Mollisol Region[J]. 2020, 34(5): 34-41.
王一菲, 郑粉莉, 张加琼, 等. 冻融作用对典型黑土土壤风蚀的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(5):34-41. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.005.

WANG Yifei, ZHENG Fenli, ZHANG Jiaqiong, et al. Effects of Freeze-thaw on Wind Erosion in the Typical Mollisol Region[J]. 2020, 34(5): 34-41. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.005.

摘要

东北黑土区农田晚春冻融作用通过改变土壤物理性质而对风蚀作用有重要影响。基于室内冻融模拟试验与风洞试验，分析了东北典型黑土区前期冻融作用对土壤风蚀的影响。试验处理包括3个土壤含水量（16.5%，24.8%，33.0%）、3个风速（9，12，15 m/s）、1次冻融循环。试验过程是先将装有不同含水量土壤的试验土槽进行冻融循环模拟，然后将冻融后的土壤在室温下自然风干（至其土壤含水量为6.0%~7.0%）后进行风洞试验。结果表明：前期土壤冻融作用显著增加了风蚀量和输沙量，试验条件下前期土壤冻融作用使风蚀强度增加23.5%~404.2%，使平均输沙率增加59.1%~305.3%，其增加幅度受土壤含水量和风速影响。同时有、无前期冻融作用处理下，风蚀强度和风蚀输沙率皆随风速的增加而显著增加，且风蚀强度随风速的变化遵循幂函数关系。在冻融作用下，不同土壤冻结含水量下土壤风蚀强度和输沙率的增幅排序皆为16.5% > 33.0% > 24.8%。风蚀输沙率随地表高度的增加呈指数递减，风蚀输沙主要集中在距地表40 cm的范围内，且冻融作用使风蚀输沙高度增加。

Abstract

Freeze-thaw has an important effect on wind erosion by changing soil physical properties in the agricultural field of Chinese Mollisol region in late spring. The research analyzed the effects of previous freeze-thaw on wind erosion in agricultural fields based on simulated freeze-thaw and wind tunnel experiments. The experimental treatments included three initial soil moisture contents (16.5%

24.8% and 33.0%)

three wind speeds (9

12 and 15 m/s)

one freeze-thaw cycle

and non previous freeze-thaw experimental treatment was taken as a control. During the experiment

the soil box filled by tested soil samples with different initial moisture contents was firstly placed in the refrigerator to simulate freezing and thawing effect

and then it was air-dried in room temperature until its soil moisture content was approximately 6.0% to 7.0%. Late on

the soil box was placed into the wind tunnel to simulate soil loss by different wind speeds

respectively. The results showed that previous soil freeze-thaw significantly increased wind erosion rate and sediment delivery rate. At the experimental conditions

wind erosion intensity increased by 23.5%~404.2% (P<0.05)

and the average sediment delivery rate increased by 59.1%~305.3% (P<0.05)

compared with the control treatment; and both increments were related to initial soil moisture content and wind speed. Meanwhile

the wind erosion and sediment delivery rates increased significantly with an increase of wind speed with/without previous soil freeze-thaw action

and the wind erosion intensity followed the power function with increasing of wind velocity. For the previous soil freeze-thaw treatment

the order of increments of wind erosion and sediment delivery rates under three initial soil moisture contents was 16.5% > 33.0% > 24.8%. Moreover

the sediment delivery rate decreased exponentially with an increase of surface height

the wind erosion material was mainly concentrated in the range of 40 cm above the surface; and the previous soil freeze-thaw action increased the sediment delivery height.

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