极端暴雨下小流域洪峰对植被和梯田的响应——以山东临朐台风“利奇马”暴雨为例

刘元昊; 韩剑桥; 焦菊英; 戈文艳; 刘宝元; 黑哲; 从辰宇; 谢梦霞; 马春玲; 王飞

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.003

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极端暴雨下小流域洪峰对植被和梯田的响应——以山东临朐台风“利奇马”暴雨为例

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 极端暴雨下小流域洪峰对植被和梯田的响应——以山东临朐台风“利奇马”暴雨为例
- Response of Small Watershed Flood Peak to Vegetation and Terraces Under Extreme Rainstorm—A Case Study of the Rainstorm of Typhoon “Lekima” in Linqu, Shandong Province
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第5期页码：20-25
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
  3. 中国科学院大学,北京,100000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "刘元昊(1996-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事流域综合管理研究。E-mail:liuyuanhao998@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0501707）国家自然科学基金项目（41771558，41807067）陕西省水利水保科技项目（2017sbkj-01）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.003
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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刘元昊, 韩剑桥, 焦菊英, 等. 极端暴雨下小流域洪峰对植被和梯田的响应——以山东临朐台风“利奇马”暴雨为例[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(5):20-25.

LIU Yuanhao, HAN Jianqiao, JIAO Juying, et al. Response of Small Watershed Flood Peak to Vegetation and Terraces Under Extreme Rainstorm—A Case Study of the Rainstorm of Typhoon “Lekima” in Linqu, Shandong Province[J]. 2020, 34(5): 20-25.
刘元昊, 韩剑桥, 焦菊英, 等. 极端暴雨下小流域洪峰对植被和梯田的响应——以山东临朐台风“利奇马”暴雨为例[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(5):20-25. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.003.

LIU Yuanhao, HAN Jianqiao, JIAO Juying, et al. Response of Small Watershed Flood Peak to Vegetation and Terraces Under Extreme Rainstorm—A Case Study of the Rainstorm of Typhoon “Lekima” in Linqu, Shandong Province[J]. 2020, 34(5): 20-25. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.003.

摘要

全球气候变化背景下，极端暴雨事件出现频率增加，研究小流域洪峰形成机理对暴雨洪水预测与防灾减灾具有重要意义。基于2019年9号台风"利奇马"在山东省潍坊市临朐县造成的特大暴雨事件，选取暴雨中心附近的17个小流域，综合应用野外调查、遥感解译等方法，研究了小流域洪峰强度和敏感性对植被和梯田的响应特征。结果表明：该暴雨事件中，小流域洪峰流量为2.36~56.50 m3/s，洪峰模数为8.00~48.89 m3/（s·km2），洪水指数介于3.61~4.55。在相似降雨条件下，洪峰模数、洪水指数与坡耕地比例呈显著的正相关关系（p<0.05），洪峰模数与林草地和梯田比例呈显著的负相关关系（p<0.05），洪水指数与林草地和梯田比例呈一定的负相关关系。植被和梯田对洪峰影响的有效性随着次降雨量的增大，呈现先增加后降低的非线性特征；在极端暴雨条件下，调查流域对洪水的敏感性属于"Average"水平；增加林草地、梯田等土地类型的面积可提高小流域对极端暴雨的应对能力。

Abstract

Under the background of global climate change

the frequency of extreme rainstorm events increases. It is of great significance to study the formation mechanism of flood peak in small watershed for rainstorm flood prediction

disaster prevention and mitigation. Based on the extraordinary rainstorm event caused by Typhoon "Lekima" in Linqu County

Weifang City

Shandong Province in 2019

17 small watersheds near the rainstorm center were selected

and the response characteristics of the flood peak intensity and sensitivity of the small watersheds to the vegetation and terraces were studied by the methods of field investigation

remote sensing interpretation and correlation analysis. The results showed that in this rainstorm event

the peak discharge of small watershed was 2.36~56.50 m3/s

the peak modulus was 8.00~48.89 m3/(s·km2)

and the flood index was between 3.61 and 4.55. Under the condition of similar rainfall

the flood peak modulus

flood index K had significant positive correlation with proportion of sloping farmland (p<0.05)

and the flood peak modulus had a significant negative correlation with the proportion of forest grassland and terrace (p<0.05)

the flood index K had negative correlation with the proportion of forest grassland and terrace. With the increasing of individual rainfall

the influence of vegetation and terraces on flood peak in small watershed presented a nonlinear feature of increasing first and then decreasing. Under the condition of extreme rainstorm

the sensitivity of surveyed watershed to flood was "Average". The ability of small watershed to cope with extreme rainstorm could be improved by increasing the area of forest

grassland

terrace and other land types.

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