2种缓/控释肥对滨海盐碱地区水稻产量及氮代谢的影响

金丹丹; 宫亮; 李波; 曲航; 孙文涛; 张文忠

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.048

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2种缓/控释肥对滨海盐碱地区水稻产量及氮代谢的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 2种缓/控释肥对滨海盐碱地区水稻产量及氮代谢的影响
- The Effects of Two Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers on the Productivity and Nitrogen Metabolism of Rice in Coastal Saline-Alkaline Regions
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第4期页码：334-339
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所,沈阳,110161
  2. 沈阳农业大学水稻研究所,沈阳,110866
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "金丹丹(1985-),女,助理研究员,主要从事水稻栽培生理与养分高效利用相关研究。E-mail:jdd851228@sina.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  辽宁省博士科研启动基金计划项目（2019-BS-135）国家重点研发计划专项（2018YFD0200200，2018YFD0300300）兴辽英才计划项目（XLYC1802044）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.048
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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金丹丹, 宫亮, 李波, 等. 2种缓/控释肥对滨海盐碱地区水稻产量及氮代谢的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(4):334-339.

JIN Dandan, GONG Liang, LI Bo, et al. The Effects of Two Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers on the Productivity and Nitrogen Metabolism of Rice in Coastal Saline-Alkaline Regions[J]. 2020, 34(4): 334-339.
金丹丹, 宫亮, 李波, 等. 2种缓/控释肥对滨海盐碱地区水稻产量及氮代谢的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(4):334-339. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.048.

JIN Dandan, GONG Liang, LI Bo, et al. The Effects of Two Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers on the Productivity and Nitrogen Metabolism of Rice in Coastal Saline-Alkaline Regions[J]. 2020, 34(4): 334-339. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.048.

摘要

为实现节本增效稻作，缓解大量、多次追肥引发不良环境效应，以中晚熟粳稻"盐丰47"为试材，设常规化肥、中科虹稳定性复合肥、炭基肥料3种处理及空白对照组，研究缓/控释肥对水稻生长发育、氮代谢酶活性及产量构成的影响。结果表明，施用2种新型肥料的产量与常规处理相比无显著差异。从产量构成来看，中科虹稳定性复合肥和常规化肥高产主要归因于较多的有效穗数，而炭基肥料依靠较高水平的穗粒数、结实率和千粒重维持产量；从氮代谢角度分析，2种新型肥料提高了齐穗期水稻功能叶硝酸还原酶（NR）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）、亚硝酸还原酶（NiR）活性及可溶性蛋白含量，而常规处理谷氨酸合成酶（GOGAT）活性显著高于其他处理和空白对照组。中科虹稳定性复合肥中硝化抑制剂、脲酶抑制剂等组分保证了较长的养分释放周期，改善了植株生长关键阶段氮代谢能力，特别是分蘖末期起保蘖增穗的作用；而炭基肥料中生物炭等有效组分增强了土壤养分固持能力，提高了可提取态养分含量及其有效性。因此，科学施用中科虹稳定性复合肥和炭基肥料可在稳产基础上减少化肥用量（较常规处理分别减少151.50，187.50 kg/hm2），对肥料投入较高的滨海盐碱地区发展绿色可持续农业具有应用价值。

Abstract

In order to achieve cost-effective synergy as well as alleviate the adverse environmental effects caused by large and multiple topdressing

the mid-late-maturing japonica rice "Yanfeng 47" as test material was used in this research

three experimental groups (conventional fertilizer

Zhongkehong stable compound fertilizer

and carbon-based fertilizer) and a blank control group were established to study the growth and nitrogen metabolism of rice treated with slow/controlled release fertilizers as well as their effect on yield. The results showed that there is no significant difference in yield when comparing the two slow/controlled release fertilizers against conventional fertilizer. The high yields of the Zhongkehong stable compound fertilizer group and conventional fertilizer group could mainly be attributed to a larger number of effective panicles

while carbon-based fertilizers increased yield due to the higher numbers of grains

higher seed set rate

and higher 1 000-grain weight. As for nitrogen metabolism

the two slow/controlled release fertilizers increased the activities of nitrate reductase (NR)

glutamine synthase (GS)

nitrite reductase (NiR)

and soluble protein content in functional rice leaves during the heading stage

while glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity was significantly higher when using conventional fertilizer compared to all other groups. Zhongkehong stable compound fertilizer contained nitrification inhibitors

urease inhibitors and other components that ensure a longer nutrient release cycle and improve nitrogen metabolism capacity during key stages of plant growth

especially toward the end of the heading stage in order to preserve the stem and increase the number of panicles. Carbon-based fertilizers employed biochar and other functional groups to improve soil nutrient retention and improved the extractable nutrient content and its effectiveness. Because of this

a balanced usage of Zhongkehong stable compound fertilizer and carbon-based fertilizer could reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer during stable rice production (reduction of 151.50

187.50 kg/hm2 compared with conventional fertilizer) may have real-world value in the development of green sustainable agriculture cultivation in coastal saline-alkaline areas.

关键词

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