河西绿洲膜下滴灌调亏对食用向日葵耗水特征、光合特性及品质的影响

王璐; 张恒嘉; 巴玉春; 李福强; 周晨莉; 王泽义; 张德仲

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.031

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河西绿洲膜下滴灌调亏对食用向日葵耗水特征、光合特性及品质的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 河西绿洲膜下滴灌调亏对食用向日葵耗水特征、光合特性及品质的影响
- Effects of Drip Irrigation Deficit Adjustment Under Mulch on Water Consumption, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Quality of Edible Sunflower in Hexi Oasis
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第4期页码：209-216
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,兰州,730070
  2. 民乐县洪水河管理处, 甘肃民乐,734500
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "王璐(1995-),女,甘肃平凉人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事作物节水理论与技术研究。E-mail:1013743201@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  甘肃省重点研发计划项目（18YF1NA073）国家自然科学基金项目（51669001）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.031
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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王璐, 张恒嘉, 巴玉春, 等. 河西绿洲膜下滴灌调亏对食用向日葵耗水特征、光合特性及品质的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(4):209-216.

WANG Lu, ZHANG Hengjia, BA Yuchun, et al. Effects of Drip Irrigation Deficit Adjustment Under Mulch on Water Consumption, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Quality of Edible Sunflower in Hexi Oasis[J]. 2020, 34(4): 209-216.
王璐, 张恒嘉, 巴玉春, 等. 河西绿洲膜下滴灌调亏对食用向日葵耗水特征、光合特性及品质的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(4):209-216. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.031.

WANG Lu, ZHANG Hengjia, BA Yuchun, et al. Effects of Drip Irrigation Deficit Adjustment Under Mulch on Water Consumption, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Quality of Edible Sunflower in Hexi Oasis[J]. 2020, 34(4): 209-216. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.031.

摘要

于2019年在张掖市益民灌溉试验站进行食用向日葵膜下滴灌调亏大田试验，探究在现蕾期、开花期和灌浆期充分灌溉条件下，苗期轻度—成熟期（轻度、中度）水分调亏、苗期中度—成熟期（轻度、中度）水分调亏、苗期重度—成熟期（轻度、中度）水分调亏处理分别对食用向日葵耗水、光合特性、品质及产量的影响，为河西绿洲冷凉灌区优质高产高效种植食用向日葵提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）苗期和成熟期食用向日葵的阶段耗水量、耗水模数、日耗水强度均随水分调亏程度增加而降低，与充分灌溉相比，苗期水分调亏处理阶段耗水量、耗水模数、日耗水强度降幅分别为10.10%~46.08%，7.57%~34.58%，10.68%~46.60%，成熟期水分调亏处理阶段耗水量、耗水模数、日耗水强度降幅分别为5.50%~30.29%，2.93%~16.72%，5.56%~30.34%，苗期重度水分调亏经后期复水补偿作用有限；（2）苗期重度和成熟期中度水分调亏显著降低食用向日葵叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率（P<0.05），与充分灌溉相比，苗期重度水分调亏的降幅分别为40.30%~45.98%，43.99%~47.37%，38.20%~42.10%，成熟期中度水分调亏的降幅分别为14.23%~32.07%，15.98%~51.23%，10.02%~28.45%；（3）苗期中度—成熟期轻度处理品质最优，其粗脂肪含量与粗蛋白含量较充分灌溉分别显著提高10.84%，14.90%（P<0.05）。（4）苗期中度—成熟期轻度水分调亏处理产量为4 145 kg/hm2，与对照CK处于同一水平，产量无明显降低情况，具有节水、调质作用。综合考虑食用向日葵耗水量、光合特性、品质及产量等指标，在其他生育期充分灌溉条件下，进行苗期中度—成熟期轻度水分调亏，作为当地食用向日葵节水优质最优调亏灌溉模式。

Abstract

In order to provide a theoretical basis for high-quality

high-yield

and high-efficiency planting of edible sunflower in the cold-cool irrigation area of Hexi Oasis

a field trial of edible sunflower with drip irrigation deficit adjustment under film mulch was conducted in 2019

Zhangye City Yimin Irrigation Experimental Station to explore the influence of adequate irrigation at the bud

flowering

and grouting stages treatment

the seedling stage (mild) — maturity stage (mild and Moderate) water deficit treatment

the seedling stage (moderate) — maturity stage (mild and moderate) water deficit treatment

and the seedling stage (severe) — maturity stage (mild and moderate) water deficit treatment on water consumption

photosynthesis

quality

and yield of edible sunflower. The results showed that: (1) The water consumption

water consumption modulus

and daily water consumption intensity of edible sunflowers at the seedling stage and the mature stage decrease with the increase of water deficit. Compared with full irrigation

the water consumption

water modulus

and daily water intensity in the seedling stage decreased by 10.10%~46.08%

7.57%~34.58%

10.68%~46.60%

and in the maturing stage decreased by 5.50%~30.29%

2.93%~16.72%

5.56%~30.34%. The compensation effect of severe water regulation deficit during the later period was limited. (2) Severe water deficit at seedling stage and moderate water deficit at maturity stage significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate

stomatal conductance

and transpiration rate of edible sunflower leaves. Compared with full irrigation

the declines of severe water deficit adjustment at seedling stage were 40.30%~45.98%

43.99%~47.37%

38.20%~42.10%

the declines of moderate water deficit adjustment at maturing stage were 14.23%~32.07%

15.98%~51.23%

10.02%~28.45%.(3) The quality of mild water deficit in seedling stage—moderate water deficit in maturing stage was the best

and its crude fat content and crude protein content were 10.84% and 14.90% higher than those of full irrigation. (4) The yield of mild water deficit in seedling stage—moderate water deficit in maturing stage was 4145 kg/hm2

which is at the same level as the control CK. The yield was not significantly reduced. The treatment had the function of saving water and regulating quality. Taking indicators such as water consumption

photosynthetic characteristics and quality of edible sunflowers into account

under the conditions of full irrigation in other growth periods

moderate water deficit adjustment at the seedling stage and mild mature stage was adopted as the optimal water-saving deficit irrigation mode for local sunflowers.

关键词

Keywords

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