秸秆覆盖对农田土壤风蚀及细颗粒物释放的影响

邱云霄; 黎燕武; 余新晓; 贾国栋; 孙乐乐; 王渝淞

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.020

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秸秆覆盖对农田土壤风蚀及细颗粒物释放的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 秸秆覆盖对农田土壤风蚀及细颗粒物释放的影响
- Effects of Straw Mulch on Soil Wind Erosion and Fine Particulate Matter Release in Farmland
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第4期页码：131-136
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京,100083
  2. 江西核工业环境保护中心,南昌,330002
  3. 黄河堪测规划设计研究院有限公司,郑州,450000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "邱云霄(1995-),女,在读硕士研究生,主要从事森林水文和水土保持研究。E-mail:54289782@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  坝上高原及华北北部山地沙化土地治理与沙产业技术研发及示范项目（2016YFC0500802）林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心项目（PXM2018_014207_000024）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.020
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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邱云霄, 黎燕武, 余新晓, 等. 秸秆覆盖对农田土壤风蚀及细颗粒物释放的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(4):131-136.

QIU Yunxiao, LI Yanwu, YU Xinxiao, et al. Effects of Straw Mulch on Soil Wind Erosion and Fine Particulate Matter Release in Farmland[J]. 2020, 34(4): 131-136.
邱云霄, 黎燕武, 余新晓, 等. 秸秆覆盖对农田土壤风蚀及细颗粒物释放的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(4):131-136. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.020.

QIU Yunxiao, LI Yanwu, YU Xinxiao, et al. Effects of Straw Mulch on Soil Wind Erosion and Fine Particulate Matter Release in Farmland[J]. 2020, 34(4): 131-136. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.020.

摘要

为了确定保护性耕作措施对北京周边农田土壤风蚀及颗粒物释放的影响，通过风洞模拟试验，对比不同风速和不同覆盖度下农田土壤风蚀速率及TSP、PM10、PM2.5、PM1的释放差异，并分析了4种细颗粒物在风蚀物中的占比。结果表明：（1）当风速<12 m/s时，秸秆覆盖度达到20%能显著降低风蚀速率，当风速>16 m/s时，秸秆覆盖度需达到40%才能达到理想的防风蚀效果。（2）TSP、PM10、PM2.5、PM1 4种细颗粒物的释放量与风速呈正指数函数关系，与覆盖度呈负指数函数关系；随风速的增加，4种细颗粒物的释放能力为A > B1 > B2 > B3 > B4 > B5，当覆盖度 < 10%或 > 60%时，细颗粒物的释放量随风速增大差异逐渐减小；覆盖度达60%以上时，细颗粒物的释放量基本达到稳定值。（3）TSP、PM10、PM2.5、PM1 4种细颗粒物在风蚀物中的占比随风速的增加而降低，当覆盖度>60%时占比接近稳定。

Abstract

To study the influence of protective farming methods on wind erosion in farmland and particulate emission in the surrounding areas of Beijing city

the wind erosion rates of farmland and the emission situations of TSP

PM10

PM2.5

and PM1 under different wind speeds and different degrees of coverage were compared by wind tunnel experiments

and the proportions of these 4 kinds of particulates in Aeolian deposits were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) When the wind speed is less than 12 m/s

a mere 20% of straw coverage would significantly lower the wind erosion rate

and when the wind speed is greater than 16 m/s

a coverage rate of at least 40% could resist wind erosion effectively. (2) The relationship between the emissions of TSP

PM10

PM2.5

PM1

and wind speed was a positive exponential function

and that with the coverage was a negative exponential function. As wind speed increases

the releasing abilities of 4 fine particulate matters could be represented like this: A > B1 > B2 > B3 > B4 > B5. When the coverage rate was less than 10% or greater than 60%

the differences of bust sizes of fine particulates decreased as wind speed rose

and when the rate upped to more than 60%

the bust size tended to be stable. (3) The proportions of 4 fine particulates in Aeolian deposits decreased as the wind speeds increased

and the numbers became stable when the coverage rate was greater than 60%.

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