定西于家山黄土洞穴的分布特征与侵蚀临界研究

郑炜珊; 耿豪鹏; 顾国强; 潘保田

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.017

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

定西于家山黄土洞穴的分布特征与侵蚀临界研究

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 定西于家山黄土洞穴的分布特征与侵蚀临界研究
- The Study of the Distribution Characteristics and Erosion Threshold of Loess Cave at Yujia Mountain in Dingxi
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第4期页码：112-117
- 作者机构：
  
  兰州大学资源环境学院西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州,730000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "郑炜珊(1995-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事黄土洞穴侵蚀临界与地貌演化研究。E-mail:zhengwsh14@lzu.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目（41971001，41730637）兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项（lzujbky-2020-70）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.017
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
郑炜珊, 耿豪鹏, 顾国强, 等. 定西于家山黄土洞穴的分布特征与侵蚀临界研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(4):112-117.

ZHENG Weishan, GENG Haopeng, GU Guoqiang, et al. The Study of the Distribution Characteristics and Erosion Threshold of Loess Cave at Yujia Mountain in Dingxi[J]. 2020, 34(4): 112-117.
郑炜珊, 耿豪鹏, 顾国强, 等. 定西于家山黄土洞穴的分布特征与侵蚀临界研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(4):112-117. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.017.

ZHENG Weishan, GENG Haopeng, GU Guoqiang, et al. The Study of the Distribution Characteristics and Erosion Threshold of Loess Cave at Yujia Mountain in Dingxi[J]. 2020, 34(4): 112-117. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.017.

摘要

黄土洞穴与滑坡、沟蚀等侵蚀过程联系紧密并加剧了黄土高原的水土流失程度，但目前黄土洞穴发育的分布特征与侵蚀临界暂未明晰。利用无人机获得了研究区高分辨率影像与数字表面模型，基于影像标识了黄土洞穴并统计了其土地利用类型与洞穴直径，利用标识点在数字表面模型上提取了黄土洞穴的坡度、坡向、曲率和汇水面积等地形数据并分析了黄土洞穴的分布特征。结果表明，黄土洞穴直径大多<4 m。黄土洞穴在耕地上发育较少，多发育于牧草地区域流水汇聚的凹形坡，且在阴坡更为发育。同时，黄土洞穴坡度正切值范围集中于0.4~1.0，汇水面积一般不超过3 000 m2。依托统计的坡度正切值与汇水面积数据绘制了黄土洞穴的侵蚀临界图并对比了黄土洞穴与浅沟、切沟的侵蚀临界。黄土洞穴的侵蚀临界边界分别为SA0.150=0.368与SA0.135=7.580，分布较广且覆盖了浅沟与切沟的侵蚀临界。浅沟、切沟的演化与黄土洞穴的发育有关，黄土洞穴通过连通与坍塌促进了浅沟、切沟的发育、转换与扩展，并因此加剧了黄土高原的水土流失。研究量化了黄土洞穴发育的分布特征，建立了黄土洞穴与浅沟、切沟的联系并深化了对黄土洞穴侵蚀过程的认识。

Abstract

Loess cave is closely related to other erosion processes

such as landslide and gully erosion

and aggravates the degree of soil and water loss in the loess plateau. However

the distribution characteristics and the erosion threshold of loess cave are not clear yet. This study uses unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to acquire the high resolution image and digital surface model (DSM) of the study area. Identifying the loess cave

collecting its land use type and measuring its average length based on image as well as extracting its terrain data such as slope

aspect

curvature and drainage area

we analyze the distribution characteristics of the loess cave. The results show that the average length of loess cave is mostly shorter than 4 m. The loess cave tends to develop in pasture area rather than in arable land and requires certain terrain

mostly develops in the concave slope with water converges. The number of loess caves that develop on shade slope is more than that on sunny slope. Also

the area exits loess cave is usually with the tangent value of slope between 0.4 to 1.0 and the drainage area less than 3 000 m2. Drawing the erosion threshold of loess cave rely on the statistics data of the tangent value of slope and drainage area and comparing the erosion threshold of loess cave with that of shallow ephemeral gully and gully

the erosion threshold of loess cave can be applied as formulas SA0.150=0.368 and SA0.135=7.580

which is widely enough to cover the erosion threshold of shallow ephemeral gully and gully. The evolution of shallow ephemeral gully and gully is related to that of loess cave. The development and transformation of the shallow ephemeral gully and gully are promoted by the collapse and connection of the loess cave

thus aggravates the degree of soil and water loss in the loess plateau. This study quantifies the distribution characteristics of the loess cave and establishes the contact among loess cave

shallow ephemeral gully and gully. It deepens the understanding of the process of the loess cave.

关键词

Keywords

references

Wang T M, Wu J G, Kou X J, et al. Ecologically asynchronous agricultural practice erodes sustainability of the Loess Plateau of China[J].Ecological Applications,2010,20(4):1126-1135.

Cai Q G. Soil erosion and management on the Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2001,11(1):53-72.

李相儒,金钊,张信宝,等.黄土高原近60年生态治理分析及未来发展建议[J].地球环境学报,2015,6(4):248-254.

齐威.黄土陷穴的自动提取与分析研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2017.

彭建兵,李喜安,孙萍,等.黄土洞穴的环境灾害效应[J].地球与环境,2005,33(4):1-7.

彭建兵,李喜安,范文,等.黄土高原地区黄土洞穴的分类及发育规律[J].地学前缘,2007,14(6):234-244.

李喜安,彭建兵,陈志新,等.湿陷性黄土地区土壤洞穴侵蚀研究[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(2):28-32.

彭建兵,李庆春,陈志新,等.黄土洞穴灾害[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.

丁建强.甘肃黄土陷穴的形成因素及分布规律研究[J].甘肃科技纵横,2009,38(1):150-151.

Verachtert E, Van D E M, Poesen J, et al. Spatial interaction between collapsed pipes and landslides in hilly regions with loess-derived soils[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2013,38(8):826-835.

李治财,刘高.滑坡体上黄土洞穴的发育特征及其成因机制[J].中国水土保持,2014(4):60-63,69

Zhu T X. Gully and tunnel erosion in the hilly Loess Plateau region, China[J].Geomorphology,2012,153/154:144-155.

Zhu T X. Deep-seated, complex tunnel systems:A hydrological study in a semi-arid catchment, Loess Plateau, China[J].Geomorphology,1997,20(3):255-267.

Zhu T X, Cai Q G, Zeng B Q. Runoff generation on a semi-arid agricultural catchment:field and experimental studies[J].Journal of Hydrology,1997,196(1/4):99-118.

Torri D, Poesen J. A review of topographic threshold conditions for gully head development in different environments[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2014,130:73-85.

Dietrich W E, Wilson C J, Montgomery D R, et al. Erosion thresholds and land surface morphology[J].Geology,1992,20(8):675-679.

Dietrich W E. Hollows, colluvium, and landslides in soil-mantled landscapes[J].Hillslope Processes,1986,1986:361-388.

Wu Y Q, Cheng H. Monitoring of gully erosion on the Loess Plateau of China using a global positioning system[J].Catena,2005,63(2/3):154-166.

Verachtert E, Eeckhaut M V D, Poesen J, et al. Factors controlling the spatial distribution of soil piping erosion on loess-derived soils:A case study from central Belgium[J].Geomorphology,2010,118(3):339-348.

国家发展改革委.2010-2030年黄土高原地区综合治理规划大纲[Z].2010.

何杰,阳坤.中国区域高时空分辨率地面气象要素驱动数据集[Z].寒区旱区科学数据中心,2011.

何宝林.陇中半干旱黄土丘陵区分区系统治理与农业可持续发展研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(17):8113-8115,8118.

邵臻,张富,陈瑾,等.陇中黄土丘陵沟壑区不同土地利用下土壤水分变化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(12):129-135.

Heimsath A M, Dietrich W E, Nishiizumi K, et al. Cosmogenic nuclides, topography, and the spatial variation of soil depth[J].Geomorphology,1999,27(1/2):151-172.

胡刚,伍永秋.发生沟蚀(切沟)的地貌临界研究综述[J].山地学报,2005,23(5):565-570.

李庆云,余新晓,信忠保,等.黄土高原典型流域不同土地利用类型土壤物理性质分析[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(6):110-114,118.

周萍,刘国彬,侯喜禄,等.黄土丘陵区侵蚀环境不同坡面及坡位土壤理化特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):7-12.

赵跃中,杨柳悦,穆兴民,等.黄土中渗流水潜蚀特征研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(10):37-39.

朱显谟.黄土高原水蚀的主要类型及其有关因素[J].水土保持通报,1981,1(3):1-9.

李斌兵,郑粉莉,张鹏.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区小流域浅沟和切沟侵蚀区的界定[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(5):16-20.

Wilson G V, Cullum R F, Romkens M J M. Ephemeral gully erosion by preferential flow through a discontinuous soil-pipe[J].Catena,2008,73(1):98-106.

郑粉莉,高学田.坡面土壤侵蚀过程研究进展[J].地理科学,2003,23(2):103-108.

郑粉莉,徐锡蒙,覃超.沟蚀过程研究进展[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(8):48-59.

许建民.黄土高原浅沟发育主要影响因素及其防治措施研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(4):41-43.

Bocco G. Gully erosion: Processes and models[J].Progress in Phyhsical Geography,1991,15(4):392-406.

金珊,贾玉华,郭成久,等.陕北黄土区切沟内陷穴发育特征研究[J].土壤通报,2017,48(4):948-954.

Bernatek-Jakiel A, Poesen J. Subsurface erosion by soil piping: significance and research needs[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2018,185:1107-1128.

Soufi M.澳大利亚一个林地环境下的切沟发展过程和侵蚀趋势研究[J].中国水土保持,2002(7):26-27.

王小平,贾志军,朱同新.黄土丘陵沟壑区洞穴侵蚀过程及其规律研究[J].中国水土保持,2005(6):23-24.

张岩,刘宪春,李智广,等.利用侵蚀模型普查黄土高原土壤侵蚀状况[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(10):165-171.

浏览量

1038

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

开发建设平土区的水土流失等级划分

淳化县泥河沟流域减沙效益及相关问题分析

云南红壤坡耕地的水土流失及其综合治理

福建省亚热带红壤区人为破坏的水土流失与治理定量研究

三峡库区土壤有机质区域分布及影响因素