降雨类型与坡度对棕壤垄沟系统产流产沙的影响

徐相忠; 刘前进; 张含玉

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.009

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降雨类型与坡度对棕壤垄沟系统产流产沙的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 降雨类型与坡度对棕壤垄沟系统产流产沙的影响
- Effects of Rainfall Type and Slope on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Brown Soil Furrow System
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第4期页码：56-62
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 山东师范大学地理与环境学院,济南,250358
  2. 山东省水土保持与环境保育重点实验室, 临沂大学资源环境学院,山东,临沂,276005
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "徐相忠(1992-),男,山东滕州人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀过程研究。E-mail:865893524@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目（41571261，41701311）山东省高等学校青创人才引育计划项目（QC2019YY144）山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2017JL019，ZR2017PD003）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.009
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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徐相忠, 刘前进, 张含玉. 降雨类型与坡度对棕壤垄沟系统产流产沙的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(4):56-62.

XU Xiangzhong, LIU Qianjin, ZHANG Hanyu. Effects of Rainfall Type and Slope on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Brown Soil Furrow System[J]. 2020, 34(4): 56-62.
徐相忠, 刘前进, 张含玉. 降雨类型与坡度对棕壤垄沟系统产流产沙的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(4):56-62. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.009.

XU Xiangzhong, LIU Qianjin, ZHANG Hanyu. Effects of Rainfall Type and Slope on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Brown Soil Furrow System[J]. 2020, 34(4): 56-62. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.04.009.

摘要

为深入理解棕壤垄作坡耕地的土壤侵蚀机理，利用1.60 m×0.53 m的试验土槽，设计2个降雨类型，即增强型（70~70~100~100 mm/h）和减弱型（100~100~70~70 mm/h），以及2个坡度（9°和18°）的人工模拟降雨试验。每个雨型分2个阶段（阶段I、阶段Ⅱ），每个阶段进行相同雨强的2个场次降雨，每个场次降雨历时20 min。结果表明：（1）雨强对径流量呈显著影响（P<0.05），100 mm/h雨强下的径流量>70 mm/h时的径流量。在减弱型雨型下，坡度对径流量影响显著（P<0.05），而增强型雨型下在不同阶段坡度对径流量的影响不同。（2）雨强对产沙量的影响显著（P<0.05），在阶段Ⅰ降雨中，100 mm/h雨强下9°和18°坡面的平均每分钟产沙量分别为70 mm/h雨强下的23.98，9.07倍。在70 mm/h雨强下，坡度对产沙量的影响显著（P<0.05），而100 mm/h雨强下不同阶段坡度对径流量的影响具有差异性。（3）100 mm/h雨强在不同雨型中出现的时序对产沙量影响不显著（P>0.05）；在70 mm/h雨强下，产沙量整体较小，基本在15 g/min以下。同一雨强在不同雨型中的时序对径流量均存在显著影响（P<0.05）。（4）总径流量从大到小依次为：9°减弱型 > 18°减弱型 > 9°增强型 > 18°增强型；总产沙量从大到小依次为：18°增强型 > 18°减弱型 > 9°减弱型 > 9°增强型。不同雨型下，雨强发生改变后，累计径流量和累计产沙量增加速率和雨强的改变具有一致性。

Abstract

In order to deeply understand the soil erosion mechanism of ridged farmland on brown soil

this paper used a 1.60 m×0.53 m test soil trough and designed two rainfall types

namely

intensive-type (70~70~100~100 mm/h) and reduced-type (100~100~70~70 mm/h)

and artificial simulated rainfall tests on 2 slopes (9° and 18°). Each rainfall type is divided into two phases (phase I

phase Ⅱ)

and two sessions of rainfall of the same raininess at each stage

and each session of rainfall lasts 20 minutes. The results show: (1) Raininess has a significant effect on runoff (P <0.05). Runoff at 100 mm/h rain intensity is greater than 70 mm/h. Under the reduced rainfall type

the slope has a significant effect on runoff (P<0.05)

while under the intensive rainfall type

the slope at different stages has different effects on runoff. (2) Raininess has a significant effect on sediment yield (P<0.05). During the rainfall of Phase I

the average sediment yield per minute at 9° and 18° slopes at 100 mm/h raininess was 23.98 times and 9.07 times of 70 mm/h raininess. Under 70 mm/h raininess

the slope has a significant effect on sediment yield (P<0.05)

while under 100 mm/h raininess

the slope at different stages has different effects on runoff. (3) The time sequences of 100 mm/h raininess in different rainfall types has no significant effect on sediment yield (P>0.05); under 70 mm/h raininess

the overall sediment yield is smaller

basically below 15 g/min.The time sequences of the same raininess in different rainfall types had significant effects on runoff (P<0.05). (4) The total runoff is as follows: 9° reduced-type > 18° reduced-type > 9° intensive-type > 18° intensive-type; the total sediment production is in descending order: 18° intensive-type > 18° reduced-type > 9° reduced-type > 9° intensive-type. Under different rainfall type

after the change of rain intensity

the cumulative runoff and cumulative sediment yield increase rate and the change of rain intensity are consistent.

关键词

Keywords

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