水稻秸秆预处理还田对土壤养分淋溶及COD的影响

白云; 邓威; 李玉成; 张学胜; 吴娟; 窦月芹

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.03.036

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水稻秸秆预处理还田对土壤养分淋溶及COD的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 水稻秸秆预处理还田对土壤养分淋溶及COD的影响
- Effects of Rice Straw Pretreatment and Returning on Soil Nutrient Leaching and COD
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第3期页码：238-244
- 作者机构：
  
  安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥,230601
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "白云(1993-),男,甘肃平凉人,硕士研究生,主要从事水污染防治研究。E-mail:18256542650@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家科技重大专项"水源涵养和生态保育清洁小流域技术综合集成应用推广"（2017ZX07603-002）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.03.036
  中图分类号： S157.2
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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白云, 邓威, 李玉成, 等. 水稻秸秆预处理还田对土壤养分淋溶及COD的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(3):238-244.

BAI Yun, DENG Wei, LI Yucheng, et al. Effects of Rice Straw Pretreatment and Returning on Soil Nutrient Leaching and COD[J]. 2020, 34(3): 238-244.
白云, 邓威, 李玉成, 等. 水稻秸秆预处理还田对土壤养分淋溶及COD的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(3):238-244. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.03.036.

BAI Yun, DENG Wei, LI Yucheng, et al. Effects of Rice Straw Pretreatment and Returning on Soil Nutrient Leaching and COD[J]. 2020, 34(3): 238-244. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.03.036.

摘要

对秸秆进行预处理可以加快秸秆的腐解，为了探讨秸秆经过不同预处理后还田对土壤养分淋溶及COD淋出量的影响，利用白腐真菌、大球盖菇、尿素分别对秸秆进行预处理，通过室内人工土柱模拟试验方法，对秸秆配施有机肥还田后土壤中氮磷及COD淋出量进行分析。运用（SEM）扫描电镜、（FTIR）傅里叶红外光谱、（XRD）X射线多晶衍射对预处理前后秸秆结构及成分进行分析，并通过比较不同预处理秸秆与有机肥配施淋溶过程中总氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、总磷、溶磷、COD的变化来确定秸秆还田前最佳的预处理方式。结果表明：不同秸秆预处理方法使秸秆表面结构均产生不同程度的变化，分子间氢键集聚力减弱，部分碳水化合物被分解。相比空白对照组（CK），配施有机肥明显增加了淋溶液中养分及COD的含量（p<0.05）；在配施有机肥的处理中，处理SF2（白腐真菌预处理秸秆还田+施肥）、SF3（尿素预处理秸秆还田+ 施肥）、SF4（未预处理秸秆还田+施肥）、SF5（大球盖菇预处理秸秆还田+施肥）相对于只施有机肥的处理SF1，总氮的淋溶量分别降低16.61%，20.42%，13.84%，33.22%，铵态氮的淋溶量分别降低了4.90%，22.77%，18.3%，38.39%，其中大球盖菇对总氮和铵态氮的累计淋溶损失量的降低作用更显著（p<0.05）；各处理的淋溶液中硝态氮、总磷、溶磷的淋溶损失量差异不显著。直到淋溶结束，各个处理的COD的累计淋溶损失量从大到小为SF1（不秸秆还田+施肥） > SF4（未预处理秸秆还田+施肥） > SF3（尿素预处理秸秆还田+施肥） > SF2（白腐真菌预处理秸秆还田+施肥） > SF5（大球盖菇预处理秸秆还田+施肥） > CK（空白对照），SF5（大球盖菇预处理秸秆还田+施肥）处理的COD累计淋溶损失量低于其他处理，说明在配施有机肥条件下，大球盖菇预处理秸秆还田可以有效降低COD的累计淋溶损失量。总体来说，大球盖菇预处理秸秆还田对减少土壤氮素的淋溶损失和淋溶液中COD含量均有一定的积极作用。

Abstract

The pretreatment (PT) of straw can accelerate the decomposition of the straw. In order to explore the influence of straw returning to the field after different pretreatment on soil nutrients leaching and the amount of COD

the straw was pretreated with white rot fungus

ball mushroom and urea

respectively. The amount of nitrogen

phosphorus and COD leaching out of the soil after straw returning to the field with applying organic fertilizer were studied by the method of indoor artificial soil column simulation. The structure and composition of straw before and after pretreatment were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Fourier infrared spectrum (FTIR)

X-ray polycrystal line diffraction (XRD). And the best pretreatment method was determined by comparing the changes of total nitrogen

nitrate nitrogen

ammonium nitrogen

phosphorus

soluble phosphorus and COD of different treatments during the leaching process. The results showed that different methods of straw pretreatment made the straw surface structure changed in different degrees

the intermolecular hydrogen bond aggregation force was weakened

and some carbohydrates were decomposed. Compared with the blank control group (CK)

the application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the content of nutrients and COD in the doused solution (p<0.05). In the treatments of involving organic fertilizer

compared with SF1(just organic fertilizer)

the leaching amount of total nitrogen in SF2 (pretreated by white-rot fungi and returning

fertilization)

SF3 (pretreated by urea and returning

fertilization)

SF4 (no pretreatment

returning

fertilization) and SF5 (pretreated by ball cap mushroom

and returning fertilization) decreased by 16.61%

20.42%

13.84% and 33.22%

respectively

and the leaching amount of NH4+-N decreased by 4.90%

22.77%

18.3% and 38.39%

respectively. Among them

the effect of white-rot fungi on the cumulative leaching loss of total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen was more significant (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the leaching loss of NO3--N

total phosphorus and dissolved phosphorus among different treatments. Until the end of leaching

the cumulative leaching loss of COD followed the order of SF1 > SF4 > SF3 > SF2 > SF5 > CK. The cumulative leaching loss of COD in SF5 was lower than that in other treatments

which indicated that the straw returning pretreated by the ball cap mushroom could effectively reduce the cumulative leaching loss of COD. In general

the straw pretreated by ball cap mushroom and returning had a positive effect on reducing the leaching loss of soil nitrogen and COD content in the leaching solution.

关键词

Keywords

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