不同逆坡耕作强度对干热河谷区坡耕地水蚀的影响

贾立志; 张泽洪

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.03.003

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不同逆坡耕作强度对干热河谷区坡耕地水蚀的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 不同逆坡耕作强度对干热河谷区坡耕地水蚀的影响
- Effect of Different Upslope Tillage Intensity on Water Erosion on Sloping Farmland in the Dry-hot Valley of Jinsha River
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第3期页码：14-19
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京,100081
  2. 西华师范大学国土资源学院,四川,南充,637000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "贾立志(1988-),男,山东滨州人,博士,讲师,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:jializhi10000@126.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  西华师范大学博士科研启动项目（412567）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.03.003
  中图分类号： S153.2
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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贾立志, 张泽洪. 不同逆坡耕作强度对干热河谷区坡耕地水蚀的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(3):14-19.

JIA Lizhi, ZHANG Zehong. Effect of Different Upslope Tillage Intensity on Water Erosion on Sloping Farmland in the Dry-hot Valley of Jinsha River[J]. 2020, 34(3): 14-19.
贾立志, 张泽洪. 不同逆坡耕作强度对干热河谷区坡耕地水蚀的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(3):14-19. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.03.003.

JIA Lizhi, ZHANG Zehong. Effect of Different Upslope Tillage Intensity on Water Erosion on Sloping Farmland in the Dry-hot Valley of Jinsha River[J]. 2020, 34(3): 14-19. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.03.003.

摘要

为了研究不同逆坡耕作强度导致的土壤位移对坡面水蚀的影响，以金沙江干热河谷区坡面径流小区为研究对象，在径流小区5°，10°，15°坡面上，进行单宽流量为0.6 m2/h的放水试验。在10°坡面的下坡位置设置0.05，0.10，0.20 m土层深度，分别代表连续耕作80，69，46年导致下坡位置土壤损失土层变薄情况。通过收集径流小区出口的产流量和产沙量，研究在不同坡度上的不同逆坡耕作强度导致的土壤位移对坡面产流率、产沙率、总流量和总产沙量的影响。结果表明：（1）在10°坡面，耕作年限越长，产流越快，不同耕作强度（年限）的产流率、总产流量、产沙率和总产沙量均表现46年 < 69年 < 80年的变化趋势，说明长期逆坡耕作导致的土壤位移加速了坡面水蚀的发生；（2）在耕作69年的坡面，坡度越大，产流越快。在测定坡度范围，产流率、总产流量、产沙率和总产沙量均表现出5° < 10° < 15°的变化趋势，即坡度的增加明显增大了坡面水蚀；（3）随耕作侵蚀强度的增大，坡面产流率与产沙率间的指数增长关系越显著，而坡度的增大弱化了水沙指数函数关系。研究成果可为揭示干热河谷区逆坡耕作强度和坡度对水蚀的作用机理提供参考。

Abstract

To study the effect of soil translocation by different upslope tillage intensities on water erosion

we took the slope runoff plot in the Dry-hot Valley of Jinsha River as the research object. A series of scouring experiments were conducted in three runoff plots (2 m×10 m) with three slope gradients (5°

10°

15°) and a fixed flow discharge of 0.6 m2/h. Three soil depths (0.05 m

0.10 m

0.20 m) were set on the downslope positions of the 10° slope representing the soil loss by continuous tillage for 80

69 and 46 years respectively. Runoff and sediment were collected at the outlet of runoff plot to examine the effect of different tillage intensities and gradients on runoff rate

runoff amount

detachment rate and total sediment yield. The main results showed that: (1) The more intensive tillage was

the more easily runoff in the 10° slope. The runoff rate

runoff amount

detachment rate and sediment yield increased with the increasing tillage intensities: 46 years < 69 years < 80 years

suggesting that soil translocation caused by long-term upslope tillage accelerated water erosion. (2) The runoff started time after the initiation of the scouring decreased with the increasing slope gradients on the 69 years slopes. In the experimented slope range

the runoff rate

runoff amount

detachment rate and sediment yield were as follow: 5° < 10° < 15°

showing that the increase of slopes further promoted water erosion. (3) A positively exponential correlation was found between runoff rates and detachment rates. The increase of tillage intensities enhanced the exponential growth

but the increase of slope gradients weakened the exponential relationship of water and sediment. These results provide references for revealing the affecting mechanism of long-term upslope tillage intensity and slope gradient on water erosion in the dry-hot valley region.

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