坡耕地地表起伏对坡面漫流的影响

李志刚; 梁心蓝; 黄洪粮; 李和谋; 赵小东

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.02.011

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坡耕地地表起伏对坡面漫流的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 坡耕地地表起伏对坡面漫流的影响
- Effect of Surface Land Fluctuation on Overland Flow in Sloping Farmland
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第2期页码：71-77
- 作者机构：
  
  四川农业大学水利水电学院,四川,雅安,625014
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "李志刚(1992-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail:541191278@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金青年基金项目"地表凸起与凹陷对产汇流及侵蚀的不同作用机制"（41601292）四川省教育厅项目（15ZB0007）四川农业大学社科研究专项重点项目（2018ZD01）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.02.011
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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李志刚, 梁心蓝, 黄洪粮, 等. 坡耕地地表起伏对坡面漫流的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(2):71-77.

LI Zhigang, LIANG Xinlan, HUANG Hongliang, et al. Effect of Surface Land Fluctuation on Overland Flow in Sloping Farmland[J]. 2020, 34(2): 71-77.
李志刚, 梁心蓝, 黄洪粮, 等. 坡耕地地表起伏对坡面漫流的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(2):71-77. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.02.011.

LI Zhigang, LIANG Xinlan, HUANG Hongliang, et al. Effect of Surface Land Fluctuation on Overland Flow in Sloping Farmland[J]. 2020, 34(2): 71-77. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.02.011.

摘要

为揭示微尺度条件下地表起伏对坡面漫流的影响，通过野外人工模拟降雨试验，在相同降雨历时下，分析了60，90，120 mm/h雨强下单凸起、单凹陷2种单式起伏和凹凸相连、凹凸相间2种复式起伏以及对照组5种微地形对坡面漫流的影响。结果表明：（1）3种雨强下，与光滑组相比，凸起、凹陷以及凹凸组合均会延迟地表初始产流时间，具体表现为对照组 < 凸起组 < 凹陷组 < 凹凸相间组 < 凹凸相连组的趋势；（2）凸起和凹陷的存在均会减小坡面漫流的平均流速，其中凹凸相连坡面平均流速最小；（3）3种雨强下，5种微地形的坡面漫流汇水形态共有3种（树枝状、平行状和羽毛状），其中对照组和凹凸相间组汇水形态均为树枝状；凸起组和凹陷组汇水形态均为羽毛状和树枝状，其中凸起组以羽毛状为主，凹陷组以树枝状为主；凹凸相连组汇水形态以平行状为主，兼有另外2种；（4）3种雨强下，5种微地形的汇流密度与径流频度呈现相同的变化规律，即光滑组和凸起组随着降雨强度增大其汇流密度与径流频度均先减小后增大，凹陷组及凹凸组合组均随雨强增大而增加，且5种微地形的汇流密度与径流频度在90 mm/h雨强下的差异性最小。该研究结果揭示了不同起伏类型对坡耕地坡面漫流的影响，有助于进一步深入研究土壤侵蚀机理。

Abstract

In order to reveal the effect of surface land fluctuation on the overland flow under the micro-scale conditions

through the field artificial rainfall simulation experiment

the influence of five micro topography types on the overland flow were analyzed under 60

90 and 120 mm/h rainfall intensity for 90 min. The five micro topography types were smooth

single mound

single depression

intervals mound and depression

continuous mound and depression. The results showed that:(1) Compared with the smooth group

the single mound

single depression and mixed fluctuation mode all delayed the initial flow generation time

and the time followed the order of smooth group < single mound group < single depression group < intervals mound and depression group < continuous mound and depression group. (2) The existence of mounds and depressions reduced the average flow velocity

among which the average flow velocity of continuous mound and depression group was the smallest. (3) Under the three kinds of rain intensity

there were three kinds of catchment form of overland flow on slope (branch shape

parallel shape and feathery shape) in five kinds of microtopography

among which catchment forms of the smooth group and the intervals mound and depression group were both branch

the catchment forms of the single mound group and the single depression group were feathery and branch

while it was mainly feathery shape in single mound group and branch in single depression group. The catchment forms of the continuous mound and depression group were mainly parallel shape. (4) Under the three kinds of rainfall intensity

the confluence density and runoff frequency showed the same change rule

which was the confluence density and runoff frequency of smooth group and single mound group decreased at first

and then increased with the increasing of rainfall intensity

meanwhile

the confluence density and runoff frequency of single depression group and combination of mound sand depressions groups increased with the increasing of rainfall intensity. The differences in the confluence density and the runoff frequency among the five microtopography were the smallest under the rainfall intensity of 90 mm/h. The results of this study revealed the influence of different surface fluctuation types on the overland flow of sloping farmland

which was helpful to further study the mechanism of soil erosion.

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