西南干暖河谷土壤细沟可蚀性垂直地带性差异

周涛; 苏正安; 何周窈; 张小波; 杨鸿琨; 王俊杰; 王晓艺

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.02.009

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西南干暖河谷土壤细沟可蚀性垂直地带性差异

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 西南干暖河谷土壤细沟可蚀性垂直地带性差异
- Variation in the Vertical Zonality of Rill Erodibility in Southwest Dry-warm Valley of China
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第2期页码：56-63
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,成都,610041
  2. 中国科学院大学,北京,100049
  3. 四川农业大学林学院,成都,611130
  4. 成都市水务技术服务中心,成都,610031
  5. 成都理工大学环境与土木工程学院,成都,610059
  6. 四川农业大学水利水电学院,四川,雅安,625014
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "周涛(1996-),男,河南卢氏人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事水土保持与生态修复研究。E-mail:1712815401@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0505102）国家重大基础研究项目（973项目）（2015CB452704）四川省应用基础研究科技计划项目（2018JY0034）四川省重大科技专项（2018SZDZX0034）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.02.009
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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周涛, 苏正安, 何周窈, 等. 西南干暖河谷土壤细沟可蚀性垂直地带性差异[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(2):56-63.

ZHOU Tao, SU Zheng'an, HE Zhouyao, et al. Variation in the Vertical Zonality of Rill Erodibility in Southwest Dry-warm Valley of China[J]. 2020, 34(2): 56-63.
周涛, 苏正安, 何周窈, 等. 西南干暖河谷土壤细沟可蚀性垂直地带性差异[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(2):56-63. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.02.009.

ZHOU Tao, SU Zheng'an, HE Zhouyao, et al. Variation in the Vertical Zonality of Rill Erodibility in Southwest Dry-warm Valley of China[J]. 2020, 34(2): 56-63. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.02.009.

摘要

为探究以干暖河谷为基带的西南山地土壤细沟可蚀性垂直地带性差异，选择该区不同垂直带典型土地利用类型（林草地和耕地）下不同土壤类型（红壤、黄壤、棕壤和暗棕壤）为研究对象，利用室内"V"形细沟模拟装置，分别进行6种流量（150，300，450，600，750，900 mL/min）和3种水文状态（排水状态、饱和状态和渗流状态）的模拟冲刷试验。结果表明：（1）该区土壤颗粒组成无明显的垂直地带性，林草地的砂粒含量偏高，各土壤的颗粒含量差异在9%以内，所有土壤均为粉质壤土，但有机质差异较大，且随着海拔增加而增加；（2）土壤的细沟可蚀性具有明显的垂直地带性，随海拔升高，林草地土壤可蚀性Kr值逐渐减小，相比于红壤，暗棕壤的Kr值减小幅度平均为47.74%，耕地土壤中黄壤略大于红壤，可能与人为活动强度和土壤熟化程度有关；（3）不同土地利用方式下，林草地土壤Kr值显著大于耕地土壤Kr值，平均增幅为22.63%，这可能与有机质促进土壤抗侵蚀性能的提高有关；（4）不同近地表水文状态下，土壤的细沟可蚀性表现为渗流状态 > 饱和状态 > 排水状态，表明随着近地表水文状态变化，尤其是垂直水力梯度的增加会显著导致土壤的细沟可蚀性增大；试验还发现，土壤的临界剪切力仅在不同的水文状态下具有渗流状态 > 饱和状态 > 排水状态的规律性，而在不同海拔和土地利用类型之间没有明显的规律性。

Abstract

Typical soils (i.e.

red soil

yellow soil

brown soil and dark brown soil) under different elevations and typical land use types (cultivated land and forestland) were selected to investigate the variations in the vertical zonality of soil erodibility in dry-warm valley of China. AV-shape simulation flume was used to estimate rill erodibility in the erosion process. A series of rill erosion-based scour experiments were conducted

using water discharge of 150

300

450

600

750

900 mL/min and hydrological conditions of drainage

saturation and seepage conditions. Results showed that the composition of soil particle composition had no obvious vertical zonality. The content of sand in forestland soil was relatively high

and the difference of particle composition in each soil was within 9%. All soils were silt loam. However

an obvious difference in soil organic matter appeared among different vertical zones. A vertical zonality of the rill erodibility (Kr value) could be find. As the elevation increased

Kr value of forestland soil decreased

and Kr value of dark brown soil was 47.74% less than that of red soil for forestland. For cultivated land

Kr value of yellow soil was slightly larger than that of the red soil

which could be ascribe to different human activities and soil maturity. Soil Kr of forestland was significantly higher than that of cultivated land with an average increase of 22.63%

which might be relate to the improved anti-erosion ability by soil organic matter. Soil erodibility was highest under seepage condition among different hydrological conditions

and soil erodibilitywas higher under saturation condition than that under drainage treatment. This result indicated that the difference of hydraulic gradients would also affect soil erodibility. Meanwhile

the critical shear stress was also highest under seepage condition among different hydrological conditions

and the critical shear stress was higher under saturation condition than that under drainage treatment. No obvious variation trend appeared among different vertical zonalities and land use types.

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