生物炭对不同酸化水平稻田土壤性质和重金属Cu、Cd有效性影响

陈乐; 詹思维; 刘梦洁; 周乾聪; 陈盈池; 潘晓华; 曾勇军

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.051

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生物炭对不同酸化水平稻田土壤性质和重金属Cu、Cd有效性影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 生物炭对不同酸化水平稻田土壤性质和重金属Cu、Cd有效性影响
- Effects of Biochar on the Properties and the Availability of Cu and Cd in Paddy Soil with Different Acidification Levels
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第1期页码：358-364
- 作者机构：
  
  江西农业大学作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室, 江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室,南昌,330045
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目（31660372）江西省水稻产业体系专项（JXARS-02-03）江西省重点研发计划项目（20161ACF60013）江西省青年科学家项目（20153BCB23015）中青年科技创新领军人才专项（赣科计字[2018]175号）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.051
  中图分类号： X53
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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陈乐, 詹思维, 刘梦洁, 等. 生物炭对不同酸化水平稻田土壤性质和重金属Cu、Cd有效性影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(1):358-364.

CHEN Le, ZHAN Siwei, LIU Mengjie, et al. Effects of Biochar on the Properties and the Availability of Cu and Cd in Paddy Soil with Different Acidification Levels[J]. 2020, 34(1): 358-364.
陈乐, 詹思维, 刘梦洁, 等. 生物炭对不同酸化水平稻田土壤性质和重金属Cu、Cd有效性影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(1):358-364. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.051.

CHEN Le, ZHAN Siwei, LIU Mengjie, et al. Effects of Biochar on the Properties and the Availability of Cu and Cd in Paddy Soil with Different Acidification Levels[J]. 2020, 34(1): 358-364. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.051.

摘要

针对南方稻田土壤酸化严重，导致养分流失有毒重金属活化，严重影响稻米质量安全的重大现实问题。以水稻秸秆和谷壳等农业废弃物为原料制备生物炭（分别记为RSC和RHC），研究不同原料生物炭对酸化土壤改良及其对重金属有效性的影响。设置3个生物炭用量（0，20，50 g/kg，分别记为CK、C1、C2），4种土壤酸化水平（pH 4.01，4.25，4.33，4.58，分别记为L1、L2、L3、L4），生物炭与重金属污染土壤共同培养60天后测定土壤pH、全氮、有机质、有效磷、速效钾和有效态Cu、Cd含量。结果表明：RSC对酸化土壤pH的改良效果明显优于RHC，且施炭量越高提高幅度越大，RSC的C2处理使4种酸度水平的土壤pH分别提高了0.68，0.97，1.29，1.71个单位。2种生物炭均能提高土壤的全氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量，其中各施炭处理有机质显著提高，尤以速效钾的增幅最为显著，RSC对4种养分的提高均优于RHC。RHC对土壤有效态Cu含量无显著影响；RSC的C2较C1处理更能降低土壤中有效态Cu含量，使4种酸度水平的土壤分别降低了13.62%，6.57%，4.36%，7.88%。RHC处理的L3、L4土壤中有效态Cd含量显著降低，最大分别降低了13.79%，19.23%。RSC使4种酸度土壤有效态Cd含量最大分别降低了20.00%，25.81%，20.69%，19.23%。相关分析表明，土壤pH与有效态重金属含量呈显著负相关关系。水稻秸秆炭用于改良酸化土壤、降低重金属Cu和Cd有效性的效果更佳，且降低污染土壤中Cd的有效性较Cu好；生物炭对酸化程度越低的土壤pH和有效磷含量的提高以及有效态Cd含量的降低效果较好，而有效态Cu含量的降低效果则在酸化程度越高的土壤中表现更佳；土壤pH是生物炭调控重金属Cu、Cd有效性的主要影响因素。

Abstract

Aiming at the problems of rice safety and quality caused by the activation of toxic heavy metals as a result of soil acidification in paddy soil of southern China

rice straw and husk were selected to produce biochar (reported as RSC and RHC respectively)

the effects of different feedstocks biochar on the improvement of acidified soil and the availability of heavy metals were studied. Three biochar application rates (0

50 g/kg; CK

C2)

four soil acidification levels (pH 4.01

4.25

4.33

4.58; L1

L4) were used in this study. The soil pH

total nitrogen

organic matter

available phosphorus

available potassium

and available Cu and Cd contents were determined after incubation for 60 days. Results showed that the RSC improved the pH of acidified soil significantly better than RHC

and the higher the amount of biochar applied

the greater the range increased. The C2 treatment of RSC increased the pH of four acidity levels soils by 0.68

0.97

1.29 and 1.71 units

respectively. Two biochar both could increase the contents of total nitrogen

available phosphorus

available potassium

and organic matter in soil. Among them

organic matter was significantly increased in all treatments

especially available potassium

and RSC was superior to RHC on enhancing the nutrients. RHC had no significant effect on soil available Cu content. C2 of RSC could reduce soil available Cu content more effectively than C1 treatment

and reduced the four acidity levels soils by 13.62%

6.57%

4.36%

and 7.88%

respectively. Available Cd content in L3 and L4 soils treated with RHC decreased significantly

with a maximum of 13.79% and 19.23% respectively. RSC reduced the maximum content of available Cd in four acidity soils by 20.00%

25.81%

20.69%

and 19.23%

respectively. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between soil pH and available heavy metal content. Rice straw biochar was more effective in improving acidified soils and decreased the availability of heavy metals such as Cu and Cd

and removed the available Cd in contaminated soils better than that of available Cu. Biochar had better effects on the increase of soil pH and available phosphorus content and the decrease of available Cd content in the soil with lower acidification degree

while the decrease of available Cu content was better in the soil with higher acidification degree. Soil pH is the main factor affecting the availability of heavy metals such as Cu and Cd regulated by biochar.

关键词

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