2种优势植物对不同粒径炼锌废渣团聚体养分及重金属赋存形态分布的影响

吴兴玉; 吴永贵; 罗有发; 孙航; 周佳佳; 吴攀

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.044

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2种优势植物对不同粒径炼锌废渣团聚体养分及重金属赋存形态分布的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 2种优势植物对不同粒径炼锌废渣团聚体养分及重金属赋存形态分布的影响
- Effects of Two Dominant Plants on Nutrients and Occurrence Mode of Heavy Metals in Aggregate of Different Sizes of Indigenous Zinc Smelting Slag
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第1期页码：307-314
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳,550025
  2. 贵州大学应用生态研究所,贵阳,550025
  3. 贵州省喀斯特环境生态工程研究中心,贵阳,550025
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金-贵州省联合项目（U1612442-3）国家自然科学基金项目（41663009）贵州省教育厅-流学科建设项目（GNYL[2017]007）贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目（黔教合KY字（2016）011）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.044
  中图分类号： X53;X171.5
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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吴兴玉, 吴永贵, 罗有发, 等. 2种优势植物对不同粒径炼锌废渣团聚体养分及重金属赋存形态分布的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(1):307-314.

WU Xingyu, WU Yonggui, LUO Youfa, et al. Effects of Two Dominant Plants on Nutrients and Occurrence Mode of Heavy Metals in Aggregate of Different Sizes of Indigenous Zinc Smelting Slag[J]. 2020, 34(1): 307-314.
吴兴玉, 吴永贵, 罗有发, 等. 2种优势植物对不同粒径炼锌废渣团聚体养分及重金属赋存形态分布的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(1):307-314. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.044.

WU Xingyu, WU Yonggui, LUO Youfa, et al. Effects of Two Dominant Plants on Nutrients and Occurrence Mode of Heavy Metals in Aggregate of Different Sizes of Indigenous Zinc Smelting Slag[J]. 2020, 34(1): 307-314. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.044.

摘要

为评价土法炼锌废渣堆场上自然着生的优势植物对废渣团聚体中重金属的控制效应及生态修复效果，以废渣堆场上已自然定居且生长茂盛的本土植物土荆芥（Chenopodium ambrosioides L.）和大叶醉鱼草（Buddleja davidii Franch.）为研究对象，以未经修复的空白废渣为对照，分析这2种优势植物对根际、非根际废渣内不同粒径团聚体中主要养分（氮、磷、有机质）和主要重金属（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd）赋存形态及含量分布的影响。结果表明：土法炼锌废渣堆场上自然着生的2种优势植物对根际与非根际不同粒径炼锌废渣的主要养分含量具有显著影响，且不同种类植物参与对根际与非根际废渣中有机质的贡献明显不同。养分在粒径<1 mm的团聚体废渣中分布含量较高，除大叶醉鱼草非根际废渣中的总氮含量低于对照废渣外，植物影响下的各粒径团聚体中的养分含量总体高于对照废渣。优势植物生长明显影响炼锌废渣中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd等主要重金属在不同粒径废渣中的含量分布及赋存特征，Cu和Cd主要分布在粒径<0.25，0.25~0.5，0.5~1 mm团聚体中，Zn主要分布在粒径<0.25，2~5 mm团聚体中，Pb则在0.25~5 mm的4种不同粒径团聚体中含量分别达最高；且其降低了各粒径废渣团聚体中Cu、Pb含量，对粒径>5 mm团聚体中的Cd含量有-定的提高作用，其中，2种优势植物影响下的粒径<5 mm团聚体中的酸可溶解态Cu、Pb、Zn的比例明显降低，而残渣态Zn和酸可溶解态Cd的比例有所提升。主成分分析结果表明，2种优势植物对根际和非根际粒径<5 mm团聚体中的养分、Zn全量及酸可溶解态Cd含量贡献率高，但对粒径>5 mm团聚体中的养分影响不大。综上，自然定居且繁茂生长的土荆芥和大叶醉鱼草可显著改善铅锌冶炼废渣中的养分状况，同时可有效减小废渣中重金属Cu、Pb、Zn对环境生态的潜在风险，开展铅锌冶炼废渣堆场水土保持及生态修复相关工作时可优选这2种植物作为先锋植物。

Abstract

To evaluate the effects of dominant plants on controlling heavy metal pollution and the ecological restoration on indigenous zinc smelting slag dump

this study analyzed the effects of two naturally colonized and lushly grown plants (Chenopodium ambrosioides L. and Buddleja davidii Franch.) on the slag dump

basing on unrepaired blank slags. The effects of the two dominant plants on the main nutrient (nitrogen

phosphorus

and organic matter) and the content and occurrence mode of main heavy metals (Cu

and Cd) in the different particle size aggregates in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere were examined. The results showed that the two naturally colonized dominant plants had significant effects on the main nutrient contents in the different size slags of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere on the dump. Different plants had significantly different contributions to the organic matter in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere slags. The nutrient content had higher distribution in the size <1 mm aggregates. In addition to the total nitrogen content in the non-rhizosphere residue of B. davidii Franch. the nutrient content in the medium were wholly higher than in the blank waste slags. The growth of dominant plants significantly affected the content distribution and occurrence mode characteristics of main heavy metals (Cu

and Cd) in different size slags. Cu and Cd were mainly distributed in aggregates with sizes <0.25

0.25~0.5 and 0.5~1 mm. Zn was mainly distributed in aggregates with sizes <0.25 and 2~5 mm. Pb had the highest content in four different aggregates which sizes were from 0.25 to 5 mm. The contents of Cu and Pb were reduced in the aggregates of various size slags

but the Cd content was improved in aggregates with size >5 mm. Among them

the proportion of acid-soluble Cu

and Zn decreased significantly

but the proportion of residual Zn and acid-soluble Cd increased in the size <5 mm aggregates. Principal component analysis showed that the plants had a high contribution to the nutrient

total Zn

and acid-soluble Cd content of the size <5 mm aggregates

but had little effects on the nutrient at the size >5 mm aggregate in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere. In summary

the vigorous growth of the two plants (C. ambrosioides L. and B. davidii Franch.) can effectively improve the nutrient status of lead-zinc smelting slags

and also reduce the potential risks of heavy metals Cu

and Zn to environmental ecology. Both plants can be used as pioneer-repairing species for lead-zinc smelting slags dump.

关键词

Keywords

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