不同施氮方式对嘎啦苹果碳氮利用和产量品质的影响

彭玲; 李慧峰; 崔倩; 冯璐; 葛顺峰; 姜远茂

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.036

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不同施氮方式对嘎啦苹果碳氮利用和产量品质的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 不同施氮方式对嘎啦苹果碳氮利用和产量品质的影响
- Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Methods on Carbon and Nitrogen Utilization, Yield and Quality in Gala Apple Tree
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第1期页码：249-254
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 山东省果树研究所,山东,泰安,271018
  2. 滨州学院山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,山东,滨州,256603
  3. 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东,泰安,271018
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0201100）山东省重点研发计划项目（2017CXGC0211）山东省重大科技创新工程项目（2018CXGC0208）国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目（CARS-27）山东省泰山学者工程专项和滨州学院博士基金项目（2018Y24）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.036
  中图分类号： S147.2
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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彭玲, 李慧峰, 崔倩, 等. 不同施氮方式对嘎啦苹果碳氮利用和产量品质的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(1):249-254.

PENG Ling, LI Huifeng, CUI Qian, et al. Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Methods on Carbon and Nitrogen Utilization, Yield and Quality in Gala Apple Tree[J]. 2020, 34(1): 249-254.
彭玲, 李慧峰, 崔倩, 等. 不同施氮方式对嘎啦苹果碳氮利用和产量品质的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(1):249-254. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.036.

PENG Ling, LI Huifeng, CUI Qian, et al. Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Methods on Carbon and Nitrogen Utilization, Yield and Quality in Gala Apple Tree[J]. 2020, 34(1): 249-254. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.036.

摘要

以15年生嘎啦苹果/平邑甜茶为试材，采用C、N双标记技术，研究果实发育期不同施氮方式（传统-次性施氮、分次施氮和渗灌施氮，分别用ON、TN和IN表示）对苹果植株碳氮营养吸收、利用、分配、损失及果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明：至果实成熟期，苹果各器官Ndff值均为IN > TN > ON，新生器官间（果实、叶片和1年生枝）差异显著。植株全氮量和15N吸收量均以IN处理最大，ON处理最低。与ON处理相比，TN和IN处理15N利用率分别提高了41.63%和68.60%，而15N损失率分别降低了10.60%和18.63%。各处理不同土层15N残留量差异显著，0—40 cm土层15N残留量为IN > TN > ON，60—120 cm土层趋势相反。TN和IN处理果实和贮藏器官（多年生枝、中心干和粗根）的13C分配率均显著高于ON处理，而营养器官（叶片和1年生枝）的13C分配率则以ON处理最高，IN处理最低。同时，在IN处理下，苹果产量、硬度、可溶性糖和糖酸比等品质指标均达到最高水平。综上，渗灌施氮通过降低氮素损失，显著促进植株对氮素的吸收利用，并优化光合产物在各器官间分配，从而最有利于苹果产量和品质的提高。

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out in Fifteen-year-old ‘Gala’/M. hupehensis Rehd. trees with 15N and 13C labeled tracers

to understand the characteristics of absorption

utilization

distribution

loss of carbon and nitrogen nutrition and fruit yield and quality under different nitrogen application methods (ON

TN and IN represented traditional one-time nitrogen

topdressing nitrogen and infiltrating irrigation nitrogen application

respectively) during fruit developmental periods. The results showed that the 15N derived from fertilizer (Ndff) in each organ displayed an order of IN > TN > ON at the fruit maturity stage

and significant difference was observed in Ndff values among the newborn organs (fruit

leaf and biennial branches). The total N contents and 15N absorption amount were highest in IN and lowest in ON. Compared with ON

the 15N utilization rates in TN and IN were increased by 41.63% and 68.60% respectively

and the 15N loss rates were decreased by 10.60% and 18.63% respectively. The residue amount of 15N-urea varied across different treatments and soil layers

showing an order of IN > TN > ON in 0-40 cm soil layer

and an opposite pattern in 60-120 cm soil layer. The ratio of 13C partition in fruit and storage organs (perennial branch

trunk and coarse root) under TN and IN was significantly higher than ON

and the highest value in the vegetative organs (leaf and biennial branches) occurred in ON

and lowest in IN. In addition

the yield

fruit hardness

soluble sugar and sugar-acid ratio quality index reached the highest value in IN. Our findings indicated that infiltrating irrigation nitrogen application could decrease nitrogen loss

thus increasing the absorption and utilization of nitrogen significantly by trees

and then optimizing the distribution of photosynthetic products

which was the preferred form to the yield and quality of apple tree.

关键词

Keywords

references

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