不同压实水平下铁尾矿砂和土壤的水力学特征比较

吕春娟; 王煜; 毕如田; 梁建财; 朱洪芬; 陈丹

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.016

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不同压实水平下铁尾矿砂和土壤的水力学特征比较

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 不同压实水平下铁尾矿砂和土壤的水力学特征比较
- Comparison of Hydraulic Characteristics of Iron Tailings Sand and Soil Under Different Compaction Levels
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第1期页码：108-115
- 作者机构：
  
  山西农业大学资源环境学院, 山西农业大学农业资源与环境国家级实验教学示范中心, 山西太谷,030801
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目（41401619）山西农业大学引进人才科研启动项目（2014ZZ07）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.016
  中图分类号： S156.2
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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吕春娟, 王煜, 毕如田, 等. 不同压实水平下铁尾矿砂和土壤的水力学特征比较[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(1):108-115.

Lü Chunjuan, WANG Yu, BI Rutian, et al. Comparison of Hydraulic Characteristics of Iron Tailings Sand and Soil Under Different Compaction Levels[J]. 2020, 34(1): 108-115.
吕春娟, 王煜, 毕如田, 等. 不同压实水平下铁尾矿砂和土壤的水力学特征比较[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(1):108-115. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.016.

Lü Chunjuan, WANG Yu, BI Rutian, et al. Comparison of Hydraulic Characteristics of Iron Tailings Sand and Soil Under Different Compaction Levels[J]. 2020, 34(1): 108-115. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.016.

摘要

由于尾矿砂的不良结构和严重压实，水土流失严重，水分已成为其生态恢复的重要限制因素。因此以水分运移为主线，通过室内土柱模拟，研究铁尾矿砂和土壤在自然状态到最大压实状态间5个压实水平（铁尾矿砂1.50~1.70 g/cm3，土壤1.30~1.50 g/cm3）的水力学特征差异，为尾矿砂的合理改良提供依据。结果表明：铁尾矿砂自然容重1.50 g/cm3的水分入渗能力低于土壤自然容重1.30 g/cm3的水分入渗能力。随容重的增大，尾矿砂和土壤的水分运移特征均呈幂函数减小的趋势，但分别在1.60，1.40 g/cm3处入渗能力明显降低。从水分参数入渗率、湿润锋距离、累计入渗量、饱和导水率、剖面水分分布整体来看，在较低容重范围内，土壤水分运移能力高于铁尾矿砂，但由于容重对土壤水分运移的影响大于铁尾矿砂，在较高容重范围内，土壤的水分运移能力则不如铁尾矿砂。铁尾矿砂和土壤的水分特征曲线形状也完全不同，铁尾矿砂呈现"上凸"形，表现为高吸力段缓低吸力段陡，土壤水分特征曲线均为"下凹"形，表现为高吸力段陡低吸力段缓。因此，尾矿砂中可以添加土壤或者类似土壤结构的基质来增强其不良的持水性和导水性，促进生态恢复。

Abstract

Due to the poor structure and severe compaction of tailings

surface runoff is easily generated. Water has become an important limiting factor for its ecological restoration. In order to further understand the difference of hydraulic characteristics between tailings and soil

and to provide a scientific improvement for iron tailings sand

the water transport characteristics of iron tailings and soil under five compaction levels from natural bulk density to maximum compaction density (iron tailings from 1.50 g/cm3 to 1.70 g/cm3

soil from 1.30 g/cm3 to 1.50 g/cm3) were compared by indoor soil column simulation. The water infiltration capacity of natural bulk density of 1.50 g/cm3 iron tailings sand was lower than that of soil with 1.30 g/cm3 under natural bulk density. With the increase of the bulk densities

the water infiltration parameters of both tailings sand and soil decreased in the form of power function. But the infiltration capacity of iron tailings and soil presented respectively significant reduction at the level of 1.60 g/cm3 and 1.40 g/cm3. Based on the overall water parameters including water infiltration rate

wetting front distance

cumulative infiltration volume

saturated hydraulic conductivity

and water distribution in profile

the water transport capacity of soil was higher than that of iron tailings in the lower bulk density levels; however

due to the effect of bulk density on soil water transport was greater than that on iron tailings

the water transport capacity of soil was not as good as iron tailings under the higher bulk density levels. The shape of the water characteristic curve of the iron tailings sand was completely different from soil; the iron tailings sand was "convex"

which was characterized by gentle change in the high suction and steep change in the low suction section

while that of soil was "concave"

which was characterized by steep change in the high suction section and gentle change in the low suction section. Therefore

soil or other matrix similar to soil structure can be added to tailings to tailings sand could be added by soil or other matrix similar to soil structure to enhance its poor water holding and hydraulic conductivity

and promote ecological restoration.

关键词

Keywords

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