暴雨条件下植被对黄土沟坡重力侵蚀的影响

赵兴阳; 徐向舟; 蒋云钟; 高航; 张红武

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.009

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暴雨条件下植被对黄土沟坡重力侵蚀的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 暴雨条件下植被对黄土沟坡重力侵蚀的影响
- Effects of Vegetation for Gravity Erosion on the Loess Gully Sidewall Under the Intense Rainfalls
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第1期页码：58-63
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 大连理工大学水利工程学院,辽宁,大连,116024
  2. 中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所,北京,100038
  3. 清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京,100084
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室开放研究基金项目（IWHR-SKL-201707）延安市重大科技项目（2016CGZH-14-03）国家自然科学基金项目（51879032）国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0402504）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.009
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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赵兴阳, 徐向舟, 蒋云钟, 等. 暴雨条件下植被对黄土沟坡重力侵蚀的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(1):58-63.

ZHAO Xingyang, XU Xiangzhou, JIANG Yunzhong, et al. Effects of Vegetation for Gravity Erosion on the Loess Gully Sidewall Under the Intense Rainfalls[J]. 2020, 34(1): 58-63.
赵兴阳, 徐向舟, 蒋云钟, 等. 暴雨条件下植被对黄土沟坡重力侵蚀的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(1):58-63. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.009.

ZHAO Xingyang, XU Xiangzhou, JIANG Yunzhong, et al. Effects of Vegetation for Gravity Erosion on the Loess Gully Sidewall Under the Intense Rainfalls[J]. 2020, 34(1): 58-63. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.01.009.

摘要

研究植被对重力侵蚀的作用机理可为黄土高原水土保持规划提供依据。通过对坡度70°、坡高1.5 m的黄土沟坡裸地模型和根土复合模型（简称根土模型）的降雨模拟试验，对比分析暴雨条件下植被对沟坡重力侵蚀的影响。结果表明：植被对沟坡重力侵蚀总量的影响不显著，根土模型5次降雨后次降雨重力侵蚀量平均值仅较裸地模型减小12%。植被能够-定程度上促使沟坡雨后重力侵蚀的增长，根土模型雨后重力侵蚀总量占次降雨重力侵蚀总量的比例为12%，而裸地模型相应的比例仅为1%。沟坡植被对不同类型重力侵蚀的影响差异较大，相同下垫面地形条件下和同样的5次降雨后，根土模型发生的崩塌、滑坡、泥流总量较裸地模型分别变化了-72%，220%，-69%。植被对沟坡重力侵蚀的作用是多方面因素综合的结果，植被根系的"加筋"固结作用促使重力侵蚀量减少，但植被的自重和促进渗透作用又可加剧重力侵蚀，植被根系的根劈作用也可能加剧滑坡的发生。在易于发生泥流的沟坡带，植被措施可作为水土保持工程措施的重要补充。研究结果可为重力侵蚀机理分析和治理规划提供参考。

Abstract

To study the mechanism of vegetation affecting gravity erosion may provide the theoretical basis for the design of soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau

China. This study explore the effects of vegetation on the gravity erosion using the models of loess gully sidewall with the slope degree of 70° and height of 1.5 m under a series of rainfall simulations

in which vegetational and bare lands were used

respectively. The experimental results are shown as follows:(1) The influence of the vegetation on the total amount of gravity erosion might be ignored. The average amount of gravity erosion for each event of rainfall on the vegetational sidewall was only decreased by 12% compared with that on the bare sidewall. (2) The vegetation had a positive effect on the gravity erosion after rainfalls. The ratio of the gravity erosion volume after rainfalls to the total on the planted slope was almost 12%

while the ratio on the bare slope was only 1%. (3) The vegetation on the gully sidewall had different influences on various types of gravity erosion. Compared with those on the bare land

the average amounts of the avalanche and mudslide on the vegetated slope was decreased by 72% and 69%

respectively. In the meantime

the average amount of landslide in the vegetated slope was increased by 220% compared with that on the bare slope. (4) The effects of vegetation on gravity erosion were caused by several factors. The plant roots might reinforce the soil and reduce the amount of gravity erosion

but the self-gravity of the plant and increase of the permeability on the planted slope might aggravate the gravity erosion. In addition

the soil permeability was increased by the plant roots

which could intensify the landslides. As a result

the vegetation construction was preferable for the sidewall vulnerable to mudslide. The results might be referred to analyze the mechanism of mass failure and design the control of gravity erosion.

关键词

Keywords

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