黄土丘陵区不同坡度撂荒草地入渗特征影响因素试验研究

肖婧; 王兵

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.06.019

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黄土丘陵区不同坡度撂荒草地入渗特征影响因素试验研究

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 黄土丘陵区不同坡度撂荒草地入渗特征影响因素试验研究
- Experimental Study on the Influence Factors of Infiltration Characteristics of Abandoned Grassland with Different Slope Gradients in Loess Hilly Region
- 水土保持学报 2019年33卷第6期页码：136-142
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 中国科学院大学,北京,100049
  3. 西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "肖婧(1994-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:xiaojing17@mails.ucas.ac.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金面上项目"基于RUSLE模型的黄土高原草地植被覆盖因子（41771555）国家自然科学基金重点项目"退耕驱动近地表特性变化对侵蚀过程的影响及其动力机制"（41530858）国家重点研发计划项目"黄河流域生态系统变化的水资源效应与作用机理"（2016YFC0501603）国家重点研发计划项目"黄土丘陵沟壑区植被功能提升与山地果园管理关键技术及示范"（2016YFC0501703）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.06.019
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2019
- 稿件说明：
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肖婧, 王兵. 黄土丘陵区不同坡度撂荒草地入渗特征影响因素试验研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019,33(6):136-142.

XIAO Jing, WANG Bing. Experimental Study on the Influence Factors of Infiltration Characteristics of Abandoned Grassland with Different Slope Gradients in Loess Hilly Region[J]. 2019, 33(6): 136-142.
肖婧, 王兵. 黄土丘陵区不同坡度撂荒草地入渗特征影响因素试验研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019,33(6):136-142. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.06.019.

XIAO Jing, WANG Bing. Experimental Study on the Influence Factors of Infiltration Characteristics of Abandoned Grassland with Different Slope Gradients in Loess Hilly Region[J]. 2019, 33(6): 136-142. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.06.019.

摘要

降雨特征和坡度是影响土壤入渗过程的重要因素，在植被恢复过程中，其对土壤入渗特征的影响可能会有所不同。选取黄土丘陵区6个坡度（5°，10°，15°，20°，25°和30°）的撂荒草地（2年）径流小区（5 m×20 m），观测自然降雨条件下（共计34场降雨，产流11场）植被生长旺期（7-9月）土壤入渗特征，研究降雨过程参数（降雨量、平均雨强、降雨历时和I30）、坡度和植被盖度对坡面入渗特征的影响。结果表明：（1）11场产流降雨不同坡度土壤入渗量总体变化范围为6.58~70.91 mm，入渗补给系数为0.83~1.00，入渗率为0.22~19.35 mm/h；（2）土壤入渗量随降雨量呈线性增加（R2=0.99，p<0.01），入渗补给系数随I30呈指数降低（R2=0.91，p<0.01），平均入渗率随降雨强度呈线性增加（R2=0.71，p<0.01），随降雨历时呈幂函数降低（R2=0.99，p<0.05）；（3）坡度增大使得径流位移增长，导致入渗量、入渗补给系数和平均入渗率整体随坡度增大而呈幂函数增加，但当坡度>25°时，因径流势能沿坡面方向分量增加，径流流速加快，上述入渗特征参数略有降低；（4）由于降雨量在植被生长周期内呈下降趋势，很大程度上导致植被对入渗特征的影响受控于降雨量，土壤入渗量表现出随着植被盖度的增加呈幂函数显著下降的趋势。总体而言，降雨特征和坡度是影响土壤入渗的主要因素，且土壤入渗特征参数可表示为降雨过程参数和坡度的综合幂函数方程；在入渗补给系数较高的情况下，植被覆盖对土壤入渗特征的影响减弱。研究结果对于坡面尺度降雨径流调控机制和生态水文过程研究具有重要意义。

Abstract

Rainfall characteristics and slope gradients are important factors that affect soil infiltration process

and their effects on soil infiltration characteristics may be different during the process of vegetation restoration. To discuss the effects of rainfall process parameters (rainfall

mean rainfall intensity

rainfall duration and I30)

inclination of slopes and vegetation coverage on the infiltration characteristics

six runoff plots of two-years abandoned grassland with the slope gradients of 5°

10°

15°

20°

25°

and 30° were selected in the hilly region of the Loess Plateau

and their soil infiltration characteristics were observed in the peak period of vegetation growth (July to September) under natural rainfall (34 rainfall event and 11 rainfall-generated runoff). The results indicated that:(1) For the 11 runoff-producing rainfall under different slope gradients

the variations of soil infiltration amount was ranged from 6.58 to 70.91 mm

the infiltration supplement coefficient was ranged from 0.83 to 1.00

and the infiltration rate was ranged from 0.22 to 19.35 mm/h; (2) The amount of soil infiltration increased linearly with rainfall capacity (R2=0.99

p<0.01) and the infiltration supplement coefficient decreased exponentially with I30 (R2=0.91

p<0.01). While for the average infiltration rate

it was increased linearly with rainfall intensity (R2=0.71

p<0.01) and decreased exponentially with rainfall duration (R2=0.99

p<0.05); (3) The increase in slope gradient extended the runoff displacement

resulting in the exponential increase in the infiltration volume

the infiltration supplement coefficient

and the average infiltration rate. However

when the slope gradient exceeded 25°

the component of runoff potential energy increased along the slope direction

the runoff velocity speeds up

and the above-mentioned infiltration characteristic parameters decrease slightly. (4) The amount of rainfall showed a downward trend during vegetation growth cycle

which to some largely extent manipulated the influence of vegetation on the infiltration characteristics

so the infiltration amount decreased significantly with the vegetation coverage. In general

rainfall characteristics and slope gradients are the main factors affecting soil infiltration

and soil infiltration characteristic parameters can be expressed as the comprehensive power function equation of rainfall process parameters and slope gradients. The effect of vegetation coverage on soil infiltration characteristics was weakened as the infiltration supplement coefficient was high. This study is of great significance for the research of rainfall-runoff regulation mechanism and eco-hydrological process at slope scale.

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