秸秆还田与耕作方式对麦后复种花生田土壤性质和产量的影响

赵继浩; 李颖; 钱必长; 李金融; 刘兆新; 高芳; 杨坚群; 甄晓宇; 杨东清; 李向东

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.05.040

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秸秆还田与耕作方式对麦后复种花生田土壤性质和产量的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 秸秆还田与耕作方式对麦后复种花生田土壤性质和产量的影响
- Effects of Straw Return and Tillage on Soil Properties and Yield of Multi-cropping Peanut After Wheat
- 水土保持学报 2019年33卷第5期页码：272-280
- 作者机构：
  
  山东农业大学农学院, 作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东,泰安,271018
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "赵继浩(1993-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事花生生理生态研究。E-mail:WSzjh544@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD1000900）山东省现代农业产业技术体系花生创新团队首席专家专项（SDAIT-04-01）山东省重大科技创新工程项目（2018YFJH0601）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.05.040
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2019
- 稿件说明：
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赵继浩, 李颖, 钱必长, 等. 秸秆还田与耕作方式对麦后复种花生田土壤性质和产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019,33(5):272-280.

ZHAO Jihao, LI Ying, QIAN Bichang, et al. Effects of Straw Return and Tillage on Soil Properties and Yield of Multi-cropping Peanut After Wheat[J]. 2019, 33(5): 272-280.
赵继浩, 李颖, 钱必长, 等. 秸秆还田与耕作方式对麦后复种花生田土壤性质和产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019,33(5):272-280. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.05.040.

ZHAO Jihao, LI Ying, QIAN Bichang, et al. Effects of Straw Return and Tillage on Soil Properties and Yield of Multi-cropping Peanut After Wheat[J]. 2019, 33(5): 272-280. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.05.040.

摘要

小麦-花生一年两熟是解决粮油争地矛盾，实现粮油自给的重要途径，小麦收获后直播花生是麦油两熟的主要种植方式。试验在前茬小麦收获后设计秸秆还田与耕作方式2种处理因素，共6个处理：旋耕秸秆不还田（RT）、旋耕秸秆还田（RTS）、免耕秸秆不还田（NT）、免耕秸秆覆盖（NTS）、深耕秸秆不还田（DT）和深耕秸秆还田（DTS）。研究秸秆还田与耕作方式对土壤理化性质以及花生产量的影响。结果表明：不同耕作方式对土壤理化性质的影响不同，在0-10 cm土层中，与深耕处理和旋耕处理相比，免耕处理增加了大粒径团聚体的质量比例，提高了团聚体的稳定性，增加了土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量。而深耕处理主要改善了10-20，20-30 cm土层土壤理化性质，深耕处理还增加了干物质积累量，提高了花生荚果产量和籽仁产量。在相同的耕作方式下，与秸秆不还田处理相比，秸秆还田处理降低了土壤容重，增加了土壤孔隙度，增加了粗大团聚体的质量比例以及土壤有机碳和全氮含量，提高了团聚体的稳定性，增加了土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量，增加了干物质积累量，提高了花生荚果产量和籽仁产量。DTS处理荚果产量和籽仁产量比DT处理分别增加了10.89%和14.65%，RTS处理荚果产量和籽仁产量比RT处理分别增加了10.00%和11.77%，NTS处理荚果产量和籽仁产量比NT处理分别增加了16.31%和19.82%。处理间比较，与其他5个处理相比，DTS处理不仅改良了土壤理化性质，而且提高了花生荚果产量和籽仁产量。

Abstract

Wheat-peanuts double cropping system is an important way to solve the contradiction between grain and oil competition and achieve both self-sufficiency. Seeding peanut directly after wheat harvest is the main cultivation method of wheat-peanuts double cropping system. In this experiment

two treatment factors of straw return and tillage were designed after wheat harvesting

and six treatments were conducted rotary tillage with straw remove (RT)

rotary tillage with straw return (RTS)

no-tillage with straw remove (NT)

no-tillage with straw mulch (NTS)

deep tillage with straw remove (DT) and deep tillage with straw return (DTS). The effects of straw return and tillage on soil physical and chemical properties and peanut yield were studied. The results showed that different tillage methods had different effects on soil physical and chemical properties. In 0-10 cm soil layer

no-tillage increased the mass ratio of large-size aggregates compared with deep tillage and rotary tillage

improved the stability of aggregates and increased the number of bacteria

fungi

actinomycetes. The deep tillage mainly improved the soil physical and chemical properties of the soil layers of 10-20 and 20-30 cm. Deep tillage increased dry matter accumulation

increased peanut pod yield and seed kernel yield. Under the same tillage

compared with the straw remove

the straw return reduced the soil bulk density

increased soil porosity and the mass ratio of coarse aggregates. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents were increased

and the aggregates stability and the number of soil bacteria

fungi

actinomycetes were improved. The straw return increased dry matter accumulation

and consequently increased peanut pod yield and seed kernel yield. Compared with DT treatment

DTS treated pod yield and seed kernel yield increased by 10.89% and 14.65% respectively. Compared with RT treatment

RTS pod yield and seed kernel yield increased by 10.00% and 11.77% respectively. Compared with NT treatment

NTS pod yield and seed kernel yield increased by 16.31% and 19.82% respectively. Compared with the other treatments

DTS not only improved soil physical and chemical properties

but also increased peanut pod yield and seed kernel yield.

关键词

Keywords

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