黄土高原半湿润农作区春玉米土壤环境和产量对种植方式的响应

邓浩亮; 张恒嘉; 田建良; 肖让; 张永玲; 李福强; 王玉才

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.05.038

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

黄土高原半湿润农作区春玉米土壤环境和产量对种植方式的响应

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 黄土高原半湿润农作区春玉米土壤环境和产量对种植方式的响应
- Response of Spring Maize Soil Environment and Yield to Planting Patterns in Semi-humid Region of the Loess Plateau
- 水土保持学报 2019年33卷第5期页码：257-265
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 河西学院土木工程学院,甘肃,张掖,734000
  2. 甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,兰州,730070
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "邓浩亮(1988-),男,博士,主要从事北方旱区作物生产装备工程研究。E-mail:denghaoliang521@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  甘肃省高等学校科研项目（2016A-078）甘肃省旱作农业节水技术推广与耕地质量提升技术研究项目（H2018005）国家自然科学基金项目（51669001）甘肃省重点研发计划项目（18YF1NA073）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.05.038
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2019
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
邓浩亮, 张恒嘉, 田建良, 等. 黄土高原半湿润农作区春玉米土壤环境和产量对种植方式的响应[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019,33(5):257-265.

DENG Haoliang, ZHANG Hengjia, TIAN Jianliang, et al. Response of Spring Maize Soil Environment and Yield to Planting Patterns in Semi-humid Region of the Loess Plateau[J]. 2019, 33(5): 257-265.
邓浩亮, 张恒嘉, 田建良, 等. 黄土高原半湿润农作区春玉米土壤环境和产量对种植方式的响应[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019,33(5):257-265. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.05.038.

DENG Haoliang, ZHANG Hengjia, TIAN Jianliang, et al. Response of Spring Maize Soil Environment and Yield to Planting Patterns in Semi-humid Region of the Loess Plateau[J]. 2019, 33(5): 257-265. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.05.038.

摘要

为探讨黄土高原半湿润易旱区不同种植方式对土壤水热环境及春玉米生长动态变化，于2017-2018年在甘肃华亭农技推广中心开展田间定位试验，设平地全膜覆盖（WM）、平地半膜覆盖（HM）、隔沟覆膜垄播（MRM）、全膜双垄沟播（WRF）、秸秆覆盖（SM）和露地平播（CK）6种种植方式，测定分析了春玉米各生育时期土层剖面水热状况、作物生长特征及收获期作物产量与构成因子。结果表明：覆盖种植方式对土壤温度的调节主要表现在苗期，地膜覆盖处理较CK具有增温效应，全生育期土壤平均增温1.44~2.62℃，而SM表现为降温效应，平均降温0.51℃；MRM、WRF、HM和SM在春玉米整个生育期内保墒效果显著，而WM不利于降水收集，仅在春玉米生长前期具有保墒效果，而在中后期随作物耗水增加，土壤含水率低于CK；地膜覆盖种植方式较CK均可提高春玉米产量和水分利用效率，其中以WRF和MRM效果最为显著，产量和水分利用效率较CK分别提高32.96%，17.12%和33.45%，18.66%，而SM表现出减产效应，较对照分别降低11.84%和9.93%。综合考虑土壤水热环境、春玉米生长特征、产量、水分利用效率等指标，黄土高原半湿润易旱区最佳种植方式为隔沟覆膜垄播种植方式。研究结果为黄土高原半湿润易旱区合理地选择覆盖耕作措施提供理论依据，同时对农田可持续性具有重要意义。

Abstract

In order to explore the dynamic changes of soil hydrothermal environment and spring maize growth under different planting patterns in semi-humid and drought-prone areas of the Loess Plateau

field positioning experiments were carried out in Huating Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Gansu from 2017 to 2018

and six planting patterns were set up

which were flat seedbed with film mulching (WM)

flat seedbed with half film mulching (HM)

ridge-furrow with polyethylene film and straw mulching (MRM)

ridge-furrow with full film mulching (WRF)

ridge-furrow with straw mulching (SM) and flat seedbed without mulching (CK)

and the water and heat status of soil profiles in different fertility period of spring maize

crop growth characteristics

crop yield and components during harvest period were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the regulation of mulching planting pattern on soil temperature was mainly manifested in the seedling stage. The film mulching treatment had a warming effect compared with CK. During the whole growth period

the average soil temperature increased by 1.44~2.62℃

while the SM showed a cooling effect

with an average temperature lowering of 0.51℃. MRM

WRF

HM and SM had significant effect on moisture conservation during the whole growth period of spring maize. While

WM was not conducive to precipitation collection

it only had the effect of moisture conservation at the early stage of spring maize growth

with the increasing of crop water consumption at the middle and later stages

the soil moisture content was lower than CK. Compared with CK

the mulching method could increase the yield and water use efficiency of spring maize

among them

the WRF and MRM had the most significant effect. The yield and water use efficiency of WRF and MRM increased by 32.96% and 17.12%

33.45% and 18.66%

respectively. SM showed a reduction in yield

which was 11.84% and 9.93% lower than CK. Considering the soil hydrothermal environment

spring maize growth characteristics

yield

water use efficiency and other indicators

the ridge-furrow with polyethylene film and straw mulching was the best planting pattern in the semi-humid and drought-prone areas of the Loess Plateau. This study could provide a theoretical basis for rational selection of cover farming measures in the semi-humid and drought-prone areas of the Loess Plateau

and had important significance for the sustainability of farmland.

关键词

Keywords

references

俄胜哲,丁宁平,李利利,等.黄土高原黑垆土施肥的作物累积产量及土壤肥力贡献[J].土壤学报,2018,59(1):1-13.

罗珠珠,黄高宝,蔡立群,等.黄土高原旱地土壤质量评价指标研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(2):127-137.

Zhou L M, Jin S L, Liu C A, et al. Ridge-furrow and plastic-mulching tillage enhances maize-soil interaction:Opportunities and challenges in a semiarid agro-ecosystem[J]. Field Crops Research,2012,126:181-188.

孙东宝.北方旱作区作物产量和水肥利用特征与提升途径[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.

Page K, Fang Y, Dalal R. Impacts of conservation tillage on soil quality, including soil-borne crop diseases, with a focus semi-arid grain cropping systems[J]. Australasian Plant Pathology, 2013,42(3):363-377.

庞绪,何文清,严昌荣,等.耕作措施对土壤水热特性和微生物生物量碳的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1308-1316.

张涛,孙伟,孙步功,等.不同种植模式下旱地春玉米产量对降雨和气温变化的响应[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(20):127-135.

Wang X K, Li Z B, Xing Y Y, et al. Effects of mulching and nitrogen on soil temperature,water content,nitrate-N content and maize yield in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2015,161(1):53-64.

Zhao H, Xiong Y C, Li F M, et al. Plastic film mulch for half growing-season maximized WUE and yield of potato via moisture-temperature improvement in a semi-arid agroecosystem[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2012,104(2):68-78.

赵松岭.集水农业引论[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1996:1-20.

莫非,周宏,王建永,等.田间微集雨技术研究及应用[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(8):1-17.

Li X Y, Gong J D. Effect of different ridge:Furrow ratios and supplemental irrigation on crop production in ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting system with mulches[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2002,54(3):243-254.

周昌明.地膜覆盖及种植方式对土壤水氮利用及夏玉米生长、产量的影响[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.

孔维萍,成自勇,张芮,等.保护性耕作在黄土高原的应用和发展[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(2):240-250.

杜社妮,白岗栓,于健,等.沙封覆膜种植孔促进盐碱地油葵生长[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):82-90.

鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[J].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.

郭天文,谢永春,张平良,等.不同种植和施肥方式对旱地春玉米土壤水分含量及其水分利用效率的影响[J]. 水土保持学报,2015,29(5):231-238.

张绪成,宋尚有,王红丽.半干旱区旱地不同覆盖种植方式玉米田的土壤水分和产量效应[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(8):825-833.

任小龙,贾志宽,丁瑞霞,等.我国旱区作物根域微集水种植技术研究进展及展望[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(3):83-89.

邱野,王瑄.耕作模式对坡耕地土壤水分和大豆产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(22):128-137.

陈玉章,柴守玺,范颖丹,等.覆盖模式对旱地冬小麦土壤温度和产量的影响[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(4):403-409.

Lin W,Liu W Z. Establishment and application of spring maize yield to evapotranspiration boundary function in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2016,178:345-349.

谢军红,李玲玲,张仁陟,等.一膜两年覆盖条件下耕作方法对旱作玉米产量及土壤物理性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):184-189.

殷涛,何文清,严昌荣,等.地膜秸秆双覆盖对免耕种植玉米田土壤水热效应的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(19):78-87.

浏览量

1363

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

滴灌条件下秸秆覆盖与施肥对夏玉米水肥利用效率的影响

黄土高原自然植被恢复过程中土壤温度和水分的相关性

半湿润区秸秆还田对土壤水分、温度及玉米产量的影响

黄土高原不同林龄刺槐林土壤水分亏缺程度

基于电阻层析成像技术的黄土区多土地利用类型土壤水分反演