喀斯特裸坡地径流对降雨强度与坡度的响应

李焱秋; 戴全厚; 甘艺贤; 严友进; 高儒学

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.05.005

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喀斯特裸坡地径流对降雨强度与坡度的响应

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 喀斯特裸坡地径流对降雨强度与坡度的响应
- Response of Runoff to Rainfall Intensity and Slope on Bare Slope Land in Karst
- 水土保持学报 2019年33卷第5期页码：28-33
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 贵州大学林学院,贵阳,550025
  2. 农业生物工程研究院,贵阳,550025
  3. 山地植物资源保护与种质创新教育部重点实验室,贵阳,550025
  4. 山地生态与农业生物工程协同创新中心,贵阳,550025
  5. 水城县自然资源局,贵州,六盘水,553000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "李焱秋(1995-),男,贵州安顺人,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤水文及石漠化治理研究。E-mail:815350799@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目（41671275）国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0502604）贵州省高层次创新型人才项目（黔科合平台人才[2018]5641）贵州省重大专项（黔科合重大专项字[2016]3022号）贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合平台人才[2017]5788）贵州省一流学科建设项目（GNYL[2017]007）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.05.005
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2019
- 稿件说明：
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李焱秋, 戴全厚, 甘艺贤, 等. 喀斯特裸坡地径流对降雨强度与坡度的响应[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019,33(5):28-33.

LI Yanqiu, DAI Quanhou, GAN Yixian, et al. Response of Runoff to Rainfall Intensity and Slope on Bare Slope Land in Karst[J]. 2019, 33(5): 28-33.
李焱秋, 戴全厚, 甘艺贤, 等. 喀斯特裸坡地径流对降雨强度与坡度的响应[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019,33(5):28-33. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.05.005.

LI Yanqiu, DAI Quanhou, GAN Yixian, et al. Response of Runoff to Rainfall Intensity and Slope on Bare Slope Land in Karst[J]. 2019, 33(5): 28-33. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.05.005.

摘要

为探究喀斯特裸坡坡面在不同降雨强度与坡度组合下径流过程及其径流总量特征。将表层岩溶带中孔（裂）隙视为可透水的"筛孔"，设定地下"二元"结构中孔（裂）隙度（5%）一致的情况下，探索裸坡地在不同降雨强度与坡度组合下地表/地下径流过程与总径流量的特征，并以此为基础揭示降雨强度、坡度对喀斯特坡面水文特征的影响。结果表明：（1）在较小降雨强度条件下（≤ 30 mm/h），裸坡地表并未出现产流迹象，以地下所产生的径流为主。在中大雨强（≥ 50 mm/h）条件下，裸坡地地表产流，且在设计降雨30 min时长内其径流过程并未出现规律性变化，而地下径流过程则在不同坡度与雨强下均呈现出先增加后趋于平缓的趋势，且其转折点多居于9~12 min时段内。（2）30 min内裸坡地地下总径流量在15 mm/h降雨强度且坡度为5°，10°，15°，20°这4个坡度条件下变化并不显著（P>0.05），而其余降雨强度下地下/地表径流量均随着坡度增加差异显著（P<0.05）；同时除地下径流量与坡度呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）外，其余地表/地下径流均与降雨强度与坡度均呈现出极显著正相关（P<0.01）；（3）降雨强度为大雨强（90 mm/h）条件下首次出现了地下径流系数<0.5的情况，证明大雨强（90 mm/h）条件下存在着临界坡度使得地表与地下径流量相接近。研究成果能够为喀斯特坡地水土流失防治提供参考和合理意见。

Abstract

The aim of this research was to study the runoff process and total runoff characteristics of karst bare slope under different rainfall intensity and slope combinations. In this study

the caves and fissures in surface karst zone was regarded as a permeable "sieve hole". By setting the porosity (fissure) of the underground "dualistic structrue" structure to be the same (5%)

the characteristics of surface/subsurface runoff process and total runoff on bare slopes under different rainfall intensity and gradient combinations were studied. Then

the effects of various factors on the hydrological characteristics of karst slopes were discussed. (1) Under the small rainfall intensities (15 and 30 mm/h)

the runoff on bare slope was primarily dominated by the subsurface runoff without surface runoff. But

under the heavy rainfall intensity (≥ 50 mm/h)

the surface runoff occurred

which process did not change regularly within 30 minutes of the designed rainfall; however

the subsurface runoff process increased first and then leveled off under all different slope and rainfall intensities

and the turning points were mostly in 9~12 minutes. (2) The differences of total subsurface runoff were not significant (P>0.05) in 5°

10°

15° and 20° slopes under the rainfall intensity of 15 mm/h in 30 minutes

while the surface/subsurface runoff had significant differences with the increase of slope gradients (P<0.05). All the surface/subsurface runoff was positively correlated with the rainfall intensities and slope gradients (P<0.01)

except that the total subsurface runoff was negatively correlated with the slope gradients (P<0.01). (3) The subsurface runoff coefficient was less than 0.5 for the first time under the heavy rainfall intensity (90 mm/h)

which proved that there was a critical gradient which made the surface and subsurface runoff equal to each other. These research results can provide reference and reasonable suggestions for the prevention and control of soil erosion in Karst slopes.

关键词

Keywords

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