坡面薄层水流流速研究

杨大明; 高佩玲; 刘小媛; 相龙康; 张晴雯

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.04.011

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坡面薄层水流流速研究

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 坡面薄层水流流速研究
- Study on the Velocity of Shallow Water Flow on Slope
- 水土保持学报 2019年33卷第4期页码：72-80
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东,淄博,255000
  2. 山东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,山东,淄博,255000
  3. 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京,210008
  4. 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京,100086
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "杨大明(1990-),男,博士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail:yangdaming1990@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目（41371285）山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2016EEM34）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.04.011
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2019
- 稿件说明：
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杨大明, 高佩玲, 刘小媛, 等. 坡面薄层水流流速研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019,33(4):72-80.

YANG Daming, GAO Peiling, LIU Xiaoyuan, et al. Study on the Velocity of Shallow Water Flow on Slope[J]. 2019, 33(4): 72-80.
杨大明, 高佩玲, 刘小媛, 等. 坡面薄层水流流速研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019,33(4):72-80. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.04.011.

YANG Daming, GAO Peiling, LIU Xiaoyuan, et al. Study on the Velocity of Shallow Water Flow on Slope[J]. 2019, 33(4): 72-80. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.04.011.

摘要

准确测量坡面薄层水流流速是分析和计算水动力学参数的前提，也是建立土壤侵蚀模型的基础。设置5个坡度（5°，10°，15°，20°，25°）和4个放水流量（2，4，8，16 L/min），采用长12 m、宽0.1 m、高0.3 m的水槽对坡面薄层水流流速进行了测量。通过记录水流前锋（前沿）流过水槽的时间计算水流的前沿流速，并采用染色剂示踪法和电解质脉冲法测量水流的平均表层流速和平均流速，与前沿流速进行对比。结果表明：试验的前沿流速为0.237~1.290 m/s，且随着坡度和流量的增大呈增大趋势，流量对前沿流速的影响大于坡度的影响，前沿流速可以用坡度和流量的幂函数形式进行预测；将前沿流速与染色剂示踪法测得的平均表层流速和电解质脉冲法测得的平均流速进行对比，发现前沿流速与平均表层流速和平均流速均具有良好的一致性，但平均表层流速的数值远大于前沿流速，其相对误差为-15.018%~-27.825%，2种流速之间可以用系数0.758进行转换；前沿流速与平均流速的数值非常接近，且相对误差随着流量和坡度的增大逐渐减小，2种流速之间的转换系数为0.946。前沿流速与其他2种流速的经验系数主要受雷诺数的影响，所建立的等式可以较好地模拟2种经验系数。研究结果可为坡面薄层水流流速的研究提供参考。

Abstract

Accurate measurement of flow velocity of shallow water on slope is essential to analyze hydraulic parameters and establish soil erosion model. A flume of 12 m long

0.1 m wide and 0.3 m height was used to measure the velocity of shallow water under five slope gradients (5°

10°

15°

20° and 25°) and four flow discharges (2

8 and 16 L/min). By recording the time of flow front (front) passing through the flume

the leading edge velocity of flow was calculated. The average surface velocity and average velocity were measured by the dye tracer method and the electrolyte tracer pulse method

and compared with the leading edge velocity. The results showed that the leading edge velocity varied from 0.237 m/s to 1.290 m/s

and it increased with the increasing of flow discharge and slope gradient. The leading edge velocity was more sensitive to flow discharge than to slope gradient. The leading edge velocity could be predicted using a power function of slope gradient and flow discharge. By comparing the leading edge velocity with the average surface velocity measured by the dye tracer method and the average velocity measured by the electrolyte tracer pulse method

the results indicated that the leading edge velocity showed good consistency with the average surface velocity and the average velocity

but the average surface velocity was much larger than the leading edge velocity

and the relative error was -15.018% to -27.825%

and the conversion coefficient between the two velocities was 0.758. The leading edge velocity was relatively close to the average velocity

and the relative error decreased with the increasing of flow discharge and slop gradient

and the conversion coefficient between the two velocities was 0.946. The correction factor was more sensitive to Reynolds number than to flow discharge and slope gradient. The equations established in this study could be used to predict the correction factors. In general

the results of this study could be used as a reference to study the flow velocity of shallow water.

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