水库消落带典型草本植物根系对土壤抗冲性能的影响

徐文秀; 鲍玉海; 韦杰; 杨玲; 贺秀斌; 李进林

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.04.010

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水库消落带典型草本植物根系对土壤抗冲性能的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 水库消落带典型草本植物根系对土壤抗冲性能的影响
- Impacts of the Typical Herbaceous Plant Roots on Soil Scour Resistance in the Reservoir Riparian Zone
- 水土保持学报 2019年33卷第4期页码：65-71
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室,成都,610041
  2. 重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院,重庆,401331
  3. 三峡库区地表过程与环境遥感重庆市重点实验室,重庆,401331
  4. 中国科学院大学,北京,100049
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "徐文秀(1992-),女,山东昌邑人,硕士研究生,主要从事水土保持措施研究。E-mail:xuwenxiu0314@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目（41571278，41771321）四川省科技计划项目（2018SZ0132）重庆市研究生科研创新项目（CYS18293）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.04.010
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2019
- 稿件说明：
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徐文秀, 鲍玉海, 韦杰, 等. 水库消落带典型草本植物根系对土壤抗冲性能的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019,33(4):65-71.

XU Wenxiu, BAO Yuhai, WEI Jie, et al. Impacts of the Typical Herbaceous Plant Roots on Soil Scour Resistance in the Reservoir Riparian Zone[J]. 2019, 33(4): 65-71.
徐文秀, 鲍玉海, 韦杰, 等. 水库消落带典型草本植物根系对土壤抗冲性能的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019,33(4):65-71. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.04.010.

XU Wenxiu, BAO Yuhai, WEI Jie, et al. Impacts of the Typical Herbaceous Plant Roots on Soil Scour Resistance in the Reservoir Riparian Zone[J]. 2019, 33(4): 65-71. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.04.010.

摘要

为明确水库消落带典型草本植物根系对土壤抵抗径流侵蚀性能的影响，以裸地为对照，通过原状土冲刷试验研究了狗牙根、扁穗牛鞭草和苍耳3种草地0—20 cm土层的土壤抗冲性能，并探讨了不同草本植物的根系特征及其对土壤抗冲性能的影响。结果表明：（1）3种草本植物根系均集中分布在0—10 cm土层，扁穗牛鞭草的根重密度、根长密度、根表面积密度和根体积密度均显著高于狗牙根和苍耳（P<0.05）。（2）冲刷过程中各土样的径流含沙量均是先急剧降低后趋于稳定，放水冲刷0~3 min含沙量较高且快速降低，3~6 min缓慢降低，6~10 min趋于平稳。与对照相比，不同草地在10 min冲刷过程中均可有效减少径流含沙量，其中0—10 cm土层的径流含沙量大小表现为对照 > 狗牙根 > 苍耳 > 扁穗牛鞭草，10—20 cm土层则表现为对照 > 狗牙根 > 扁穗牛鞭草 > 苍耳。（3）冲刷过程中各土样的土壤抗冲指数均为先缓慢增大后迅速增大，抗冲指数在0~3 min内较小且缓慢增大，3~6 min时逐渐增大，6 min后迅速增大。与对照相比，不同草本植物根系均可有效增加土壤抗冲指数，其中各草地0—10 cm土层的抗冲指数与对照相比有显著差异，扁穗牛鞭草草地土壤抗冲指数最大，是对照的2.15倍，其次为苍耳、狗牙根草地，分别为对照的1.60，1.43倍；10—20 cm土层扁穗牛鞭草和苍耳草地的土壤抗冲指数与对照相比仍具有显著差异，而狗牙根草地则差异不显著。（4）草本植物根系对土壤抗冲性能的增强效应主要发生在0—10 cm土层，扁穗牛鞭草根系对土壤抗冲性能的增强效应最大，其次是苍耳，狗牙根最小。土壤抗冲性能的提高与根系分布、形态指标等密切相关，D≤1.5 mm径级根系根表面积密度和根体积密度是影响土壤抗冲指数的关键因子。

Abstract

To investigate the impacts of typical herbaceous plants roots on soil resistance to runoff erosion in the reservoir riparian zone

simulation flume experiments of undisturbed-soil were carried out to study the soil erosion resistance of 0-20 cm soil layers of three grasslands (Cynodon dactylon

Hemarthria compressa and Xanthium sibiricum)

and the bare land was taken as CK

and the root characteristics of different herbaceous plants and their effects on soil erosion resistance were also discussed. The results indicated that:(1) The roots of the three herbaceous plants mainly distributed in 0-10 cm soil layer

root weight density

root length density

root surface area density and root volume density of H. compressa were significantly higher than those of C. dactylon and X. sibiricum (P<0.05). (2) With the prolonging of scouring time

the runoff sediment concentration of all soil samples decreased sharply at first and then gradually stabilized. The sediment concentration was higher and decreased rapidly within 0~3 min after discharge

decreased slowly within 3~6 min and stabilized within 6~10 min. Compared with the CK

the runoff sediment content could be effectively reduced in the different grasslands in the 10-minute scouring process. The runoff sediment concentration of 0-10 cm soil layer followed the order of CK > C. dactylon > X. sibiricum > H. compressa

while that of 10-20 cm soil layer followed the order of CK > C. dactylon > H. compressa > X. sibiricum. (3) During the scouring process

the index of soil anti-scourability increased slowly at first and then increased rapidly

it was small and increased slowly within 0~3 min

gradually increased within 3~6 min and rapidly increased within 6~10 min. Compared with the CK

the root systems of different herbaceous plants could effectively increase the soil anti-scourindex

while there was a significantly difference between the three grasslands and the CK in 0-10 cm soil layer. The index of soil anti-scourability of H. compressa grassland was the largest

which was 2.15 times of the CK

followed by X. sibiricum and C. dactylon grasslands

which were 1.60 times and 1.43 times of the CK

respectively. Furthermore

there also was a significantly difference in the index of soil anti-scourability between the grasslands and the CK in 10-20 cm soil layer besides the C. dactylon grassland. (4) The enhancement effects of herbaceous roots on soil anti-scourability mainly occurred in 0-10 cm soil layer

and the enhancement effects of H. compressa roots on soil anti-scourability was the largest

followed by X. sibiricum and C. dactylon. The soil anti-scourability was closely related to root distribution and morphological indexes

especially root surface area density and root volume density of roots with diameter (D) ≤ 1.5 mm.

关键词

Keywords

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