耕作措施及雨强对南方红壤坡耕地侵蚀的影响

周怡雯; 戴翠婷; 刘窑军; 王天巍; 邓俊; 李朝霞; 胡宇潇

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.02.008

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耕作措施及雨强对南方红壤坡耕地侵蚀的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 耕作措施及雨强对南方红壤坡耕地侵蚀的影响
- Effects of Cultivation Measures and Rainfall Intensities on the Slope Erosion in Red Soil Sloping Cropland
- 水土保持学报 2019年33卷第2期页码：49-54
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 华中农业大学水土保持研究中心,武汉,430070
  2. 江西省水土保持科学研究院,南昌,330029
  3. 秭归县水土保持试验站, 湖北秭归,443600
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "周怡雯(1994-),女,湖北十堰人,博士研究生,主要从事水土保持与环境生态研究。E-mail:276361573@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0505401）国家自然科学基金项目（41571266）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.02.008
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2019
- 稿件说明：
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周怡雯, 戴翠婷, 刘窑军, 等. 耕作措施及雨强对南方红壤坡耕地侵蚀的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019,33(2):49-54.

ZHOU Yiwen, DAI Cuiting, LIU Yaojun, et al. Effects of Cultivation Measures and Rainfall Intensities on the Slope Erosion in Red Soil Sloping Cropland[J]. 2019, 33(2): 49-54.
周怡雯, 戴翠婷, 刘窑军, 等. 耕作措施及雨强对南方红壤坡耕地侵蚀的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019,33(2):49-54. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.02.008.

ZHOU Yiwen, DAI Cuiting, LIU Yaojun, et al. Effects of Cultivation Measures and Rainfall Intensities on the Slope Erosion in Red Soil Sloping Cropland[J]. 2019, 33(2): 49-54. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2019.02.008.

摘要

选择典型南方红壤区平均坡度为10°的坡耕地小区进行天然降雨观测，对横坡耕作、顺坡耕作、顺坡耕作+植物篱、稻草覆盖4种耕作措施在侵蚀过程中的径流泥沙和养分流失特征进行研究。结果表明，监测期间，径流深和泥沙流失量基本随雨强的增大而增加。随着耕作措施由顺坡耕作向顺坡耕作+植物篱、横坡耕作、稻草覆盖的转换，减流效益、减氮效益和减磷效益依次增大。稻草覆盖措施减流效益最佳，为91.77%；横坡耕作措施减沙效益最佳，为98.91%；稻草覆盖、横坡耕作和植物篱3种措施在防治高强度降雨引发的土壤侵蚀和养分流失具有较高的效益。耕作措施对泥沙粒径分布有影响。与顺坡耕作、横坡耕作相比，植物篱和稻草覆盖措施能够更有效地拦截径流中的粗颗粒。该研究可为南方红壤丘陵区坡耕地选择合适的耕作措施和防治农业非点源污染提供依据。

Abstract

The natural rainfall was observed in the runoff plots with 10° slope in red soil region. Five treatments:bare land as control (CK)

down slope tillage (DT)

hedgerows with down slope tillage (DT+HG)

contour ridge tillage (CT) and straw mulch (SM) were designed. The effects of cultivation measures and rainfall intensities on runoff depth

sediment yield and nutrient losses were evaluated. The results showed that the runoff depth and sediment loss were increased with the increasing rainfall intensities during the rainfall events. With the cultivation measures changed from DT to DT+HG

CT and SM

the effectiveness of the cultivation measures on reducing runoff

nitrogen and phosphorus was increased respectively. The average annual runoff reduction (91.77%) of SM was the highest. But the sediment reduction (98.91%) of DT was the highest. The SM

CT and DT+CT measures were effective in preventing soil erosion and nutrient loss caused by the heavy rainfall. Cultivation measures influenced the sediment size distribution. The DT+HG and SM treatments were more effective on trapping coarser particles compared with DT and CT treatments. This study was helpful for selecting the suitable cultivation measures and provided data support for the protection and regulation of soil and water losses and non-point pollution in sloping cropland.

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