长期减量化施肥对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响

徐云连; 马友华; 吴蔚君; 邢素林; 马凡凡; 甘曼琴

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.06.037

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长期减量化施肥对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 长期减量化施肥对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响
- Effects of Long-term Reducing Fertilization on Yield and Soil Fertility of Rice
- 水土保持学报 2018年32卷第6期页码：254-258
- 作者机构：
  
  安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥,230036
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "徐云连(1992-),女,山东潍坊人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事土壤生态环境与农业源污染控制研究。E-mail:1175683459@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目"水稻主产区氮磷流失综合防控技术与产品研发"（2016YFD0800503）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.06.037
  中图分类号： S511;S158.3
- 纸质出版：2018
- 稿件说明：
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徐云连, 马友华, 吴蔚君, 等. 长期减量化施肥对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018,32(6):254-258.

XU Yunlian, MA Youhua, WU Weijun, et al. Effects of Long-term Reducing Fertilization on Yield and Soil Fertility of Rice[J]. 2018, 32(6): 254-258.
徐云连, 马友华, 吴蔚君, 等. 长期减量化施肥对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018,32(6):254-258. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.06.037.

XU Yunlian, MA Youhua, WU Weijun, et al. Effects of Long-term Reducing Fertilization on Yield and Soil Fertility of Rice[J]. 2018, 32(6): 254-258. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.06.037.

摘要

为探讨减量化施肥对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响，对巢湖流域连续10年减量化施肥和秸秆还田定位试验后的水稻产量、土壤有机质、有效氮磷钾、有效铜锌铁锰含量及土壤酶活性进行了测定和分析。结果表明：长期减氮30%或减磷50%处理对水稻产量无明显降低作用，减量+秸秆还田有增产作用，但增产不显著；减氮30%或减磷50%会降低土壤中有机质含量，增加土壤中速效钾、碱解氮含量，减磷50%土壤中的有效磷含量显著降低，减量+秸秆还田会增加土壤中的有机质、速效钾、碱解氮、有效铜锌铁锰含量，对有效磷的增加效果不显著；较不施肥相比，施肥能够明显提高土壤的酶活性，减少氮磷肥会一定程度地降低土壤中的酶活性，减量+秸秆还田对脲酶的增加效果不明显，但会显著增加土壤中性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性；土壤酶活性与水稻产量及土壤养分含量之间呈显著或极显著正相关关系。综合考虑减量化施肥对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响，可提出在巢湖流域实施减量化施肥+秸秆还田处理来代替高产施肥。

Abstract

To investigate the effect of reduced fertilization on rice yield and soil fertility

the rice yield

soil organic matter

available NPK and effective copper

zinc

iron and manganese content after 10 years of reduced fertilization and straw returning in the Chaohu Lake Basin were tested. Soil enzyme activity was measured and analyzed. The results showed that long-term nitrogen reduction of 30% or 50% phosphorus reduction had no significant effect on rice yield

but reduction + straw yield had an effect on yield increase

but the yield was not significant; reducing nitrogen by 30% or reducing phosphorus by 50% would reduce soil The content of organic matter increased the content of available potassium and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil. The content of available phosphorus in soil reduced significantly by 50% of phosphorus reduction

and the amount of available organic matter

available potassium

alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen

and effective copper and zinc were increased by reducing the amount of straw + returned to soil. The iron and manganese content had no significant effect on the increase of available phosphorus. Compared with no fertilizer application

fertilization could significantly increase soil enzyme activity. Decreasing N and P fertilizers would reduce enzyme activity in the soil to a certain extent. The reduction + straw returning to urease The effect of the increase was not obvious

but it would significantly increase the activity of neutral phosphatase and sucrase in soil. There was a significant or highly significant positive correlation between soil enzyme activity and rice yield and soil nutrient content. Considering the effect of reduced fertilization on rice yield and soil fertility

we can put forward the implementation of reducing fertilization and straw returning in Chaohu Lake Basin instead of optimizing fertilization.

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