大粗糙单元对坡面流水动力学特性的影响

柳晓娜; 樊登星; 余新晓; 郑鹏飞; 王渝淞; 朱栩辉; 孙乐乐

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.04.008

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大粗糙单元对坡面流水动力学特性的影响

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- 大粗糙单元对坡面流水动力学特性的影响
- Influence of Large-scale Roughness Element on Hydraulic Characteristics of Overland Flow
- 水土保持学报 2018年32卷第4期页码：43-50
- 作者机构：
  
  北京林业大学水土保持学院, 国家林业局水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室,北京,100083
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "柳晓娜(1992-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:liuxiaona1007@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目（41501292）中央高校基本科研业务费专项（2015ZCQ-SB-01）国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0500802）科技创新服务能力建设—科研基地建设—林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心项目（2011协同创新中心）（市级）（PXM2018_014207_000024）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.04.008
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2018
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
柳晓娜, 樊登星, 余新晓, 等. 大粗糙单元对坡面流水动力学特性的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018,32(4):43-50.

LIU Xiaona, FAN Dengxing, YU Xinxiao, et al. Influence of Large-scale Roughness Element on Hydraulic Characteristics of Overland Flow[J]. 2018, 32(4): 43-50.
柳晓娜, 樊登星, 余新晓, 等. 大粗糙单元对坡面流水动力学特性的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018,32(4):43-50. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.04.008.

LIU Xiaona, FAN Dengxing, YU Xinxiao, et al. Influence of Large-scale Roughness Element on Hydraulic Characteristics of Overland Flow[J]. 2018, 32(4): 43-50. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.04.008.

摘要

通过室内定床冲刷试验，选用砂布床面模拟土壤下垫面，选用砂布+塑料半球体（直径为40 mm）床面模拟大粗糙单元下垫面，在较大流量（2.81~84.43 L/min）、坡度（2°~10°）范围内，系统研究了大粗糙单元对坡面流水动力学特性的影响。结果表明：（1）大粗糙单元床面的平均流速、平均水深和弗劳德数与流量之间均呈幂函数正相关关系；平均流速和弗劳德数与坡度之间均呈幂函数正相关关系，而平均水深与坡度之间呈幂函数负相关关系；阻力系数随雷诺数的增大而逐渐减小。（2）大粗糙单元增加了坡面流阻力，延缓了坡面流流速，雍高了坡面流水深，并使得水流流型由急流趋向缓流发展。（3）坡面流绕流现象明显，大粗糙单元周围水深的大小为迎水深（h1）>侧水深（h2）>背水深（h3），在较小坡度下（2°和4°），h1-h3随流量的增大先增大后趋于稳定，在较大坡度下（6°，8°和10°），h1-h3随流量的增大先增大后减小。（4）坡面流阻力由颗粒阻力和绕流阻力组成，绕流阻力占总阻力的29%~77%，绕流阻力随流量的增加而减小。研究结果可为坡面土壤侵蚀物理模型的构建提供一定理论依据。

Abstract

Large-scale roughness element plays an important role in soil erosion control

but few studies have been performed to quantify the effects of large-scale roughness element on hydraulics of overland flow. Laboratory flume experiments were conducted to investigate the potential effects of large-scale roughness element on flow velocity

water depth

Froude number

and hydraulic resistance of overland flow. The plastic hemispherical were glued onto the flume bed to simulate the large-scale roughness element

and a sand cloth bed was used as control. The flow discharges varied from 2.81 L/min to 84.43 L/min and the slope gradients ranged from 2° to 10°. Results showed that:(1) The mean flow velocity

mean water depth and Froude number had power function relationships with the flow discharges and slope gradients. However

the resistance coefficient decreased as Reynolds number increased. (2) The variation trend of water depth around the large-scale roughness element was water depth in front of the large-scale roughness element (h1)>water depth on both sides of the large-scale roughness element (h2)>water depth behind the large-scale roughness element (h3). At a smaller slope gradient

h1-h3 increased first and then became stable with the increasing flow discharges. At a larger slope gradient

h1-h3 increased first and then decreased with the increasing flow discharges. (3) Compared with the sand cloth bed surface

the large-scale roughness element had a function of reducing flow velocity

increasing resistance

and changing flow regime. (4) The total resistance on large-scale roughness element was partitioned into grain resistance and form resistance

and form resistance accounted for 29%~77% of the total resistance. In a word

the large-scale roughness element cloud retards the flow

reduce soil erosion and have obvious effect on soil and water conservation.

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