氮肥后移对强筋小麦氮素积累转运及籽粒产量与品质的影响

代新俊; 夏清; 杨珍平; 高志强

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.03.043

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

氮肥后移对强筋小麦氮素积累转运及籽粒产量与品质的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 氮肥后移对强筋小麦氮素积累转运及籽粒产量与品质的影响
- Effects of Postponing Nitrogen Application on Accumulation and Transport of Nitrogen and Yield and Quality of Grain in Strong-gluten Wheat
- 水土保持学报 2018年32卷第3期页码：289-294
- 作者机构：
  
  山西农业大学农学院, 山西太谷,030801
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "代新俊(1993-),男,在读硕士研究生,主要从事旱作栽培与作物生理研究。E-mail:18735423170@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家科技支撑计划项目（2015BAD23B04-2）国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503120）山西省回国留学人员重点科研资助项目（2015-重点4）山西省科技创新团队项目（201605D131041）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.03.043
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2018
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
代新俊, 夏清, 杨珍平, 等. 氮肥后移对强筋小麦氮素积累转运及籽粒产量与品质的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018,32(3):289-294.

DAI Xinjun, XIA Qing, YANG Zhenping, et al. Effects of Postponing Nitrogen Application on Accumulation and Transport of Nitrogen and Yield and Quality of Grain in Strong-gluten Wheat[J]. 2018, 32(3): 289-294.
代新俊, 夏清, 杨珍平, 等. 氮肥后移对强筋小麦氮素积累转运及籽粒产量与品质的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018,32(3):289-294. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.03.043.

DAI Xinjun, XIA Qing, YANG Zhenping, et al. Effects of Postponing Nitrogen Application on Accumulation and Transport of Nitrogen and Yield and Quality of Grain in Strong-gluten Wheat[J]. 2018, 32(3): 289-294. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.03.043.

摘要

为探索强筋小麦施用氮肥的合理基追比模式，在山西中部麦区水地小麦田，研究了氮肥基施、拔节期追施和孕穗期追施的不同比例（10∶0∶0，7∶3∶0，7∶2∶1，6∶4∶0，6∶2∶2，5∶5∶0，5∶3∶2）对强筋小麦CA0547氮素积累转运及籽粒产量与品质的影响。结果表明：（1）适当追氮对强筋小麦CA0547氮素与干物质积累转运及产量品质有显著的调节效应。（2）追氮能显著提高小麦拔节期后的含氮量，提高花前氮素转运量和花后氮素积累量，促进氮素向籽粒中的累积，同时增加花前干物质转运量和花后干物质积累量，为产量提高提供了物质基础。（3）籽粒氮素中约有68.38%~75.18%是来自花前氮素转运，籽粒产量中约有55.12%~70.04%是来自花后干物质积累。追氮通过显著增加穗数和穗粒数来提高产量，并提高氮素吸收效率和氮素生产效率。（4）追氮可提高籽粒醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白、总蛋白质和湿面筋含量，提高面筋指数和淀粉含量，改善谷醇比和直/支比，进而改善籽粒品质。相关分析亦表明，提高干物质花后积累量与花前氮素转运量可以改善小麦品质。（5）拔节期和孕穗期2次施氮效果不如拔节期1次追施。综合分析得出，在本试验条件下，施氮量150 kg/hm2时，基肥、拔节肥、孕穗肥比例为6∶4∶0能较好的协调产量品质之间的关系。

Abstract

In order to explore the reasonable ratio of topdressing gluten wheat with nitrogen fertilizer

the effect of basal nitrogen application rate

dressing rate at jointing stage and booting stage (10:0:0

7:3:0

7:2:1

6:4:0

6:2:2

5:5:0 and 5:3:2) on the N accumulate and transfer and grain yield and quality of CA0547 (strong gluten wheat) were studied in the irrigated wheat field in central of Shanxi Province. The results showed:(1) Appropriate dressing N had a significant regulatory effect on accumulation and translocation of N and dry matter

yield and quality of CA0547. (2) Dressing nitrogen could significantly increase nitrogen content after jointing stage

N transfer amount pre-anthesis and N accumulation amount post-anthesis

promote accumulation of N in grain

increase dry matter transport pre-anthesis and dry matter accumulation post-anthesis

which provided a material basis for the increase of yield. (3) About 68.38%~75.18% of N in the grains came from nitrogen translocation pre-anthesis

and 55.12%~70.04% of yield came from dry matter accumulation post-anthesis. Dressing nitrogen increased yield by increasing the number of ears and per spike

and increased N absorption and production efficiency. (4) Dressing nitrogen could improve the contents of gliadin

gluten

protein and wet-gluten

improve the gluten index and starch content

improve glutenin/gliadin ratio and straight/branch ratio

and improve grain quality. Correlation analysis also showed that increase dry matter accumulation post- anthesis and pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation amount of vegetative organs could improve quality. (5) The effect of N application at jointing and booting stage was inferior to N application at jointing stage. Comprehensive analysis showed that N amount of 150 kg/hm2

at nitrogen ratio of 6:4:0 (base fertilizer:jointing fertilizer:boosting fertilizer) could better coordinate the relationship between yield and quality.

关键词

Keywords

references

霍中洋,葛鑫,张洪程,等.施氮方式对不同专用小麦氮素吸收及氮肥利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(5):449-454.

Pask A J D, Sylvester-Bradley R, Jamieson P D, et al. Quantifying how winter wheat crops accumulate and use nitrogen reserves during growth[J]. Field Crops Research, 2012, 126:104-118.

Sylvester-Bradley R, Kindred D R. Analysing nitrogen responses of cereals to prioritize routes to the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2009, 60(7):1939-1951.

陈新平,周金池.冬小麦,夏玉米不同品种(系)之间的氮营养效率的差异[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(1):80-83.

Foulkes M J, Hawkesford M J, Barraclough P B,et al. Identifying traits to improve the nitrogen economy of wheat:Recent advances and future prospects[J]. Field Crops Research, 2009, 114:329-342.

岳寿松,于振文.不同生育时期施氮对冬小麦氮素分配及叶片代谢的影响[J].作物学报,1998,24(6):811-815.

尚兴甲,王梅芳,付宝余.运用同位素

N研究冬小麦不同时期追施尿素的效果及氮肥的利用率[J].中国土壤与肥料,2001(6):9-11.

王晨阳,朱云集.氮肥后移对超高产小麦产量及生理特性的影响[J].作物学报,1998,24(6):978-983.

孙辉,姚大年,李宝云,等.普通小麦谷蛋白大聚合体的含量与烘焙品质相关关系[J].中国粮油学报,1998(6):13-16.

王月福,于振文.施氮量对小麦籽粒蛋白质组分含量及加工品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(9):1071-1078.

刘襄河,郑丽璇,郑丽勉,等.双波长法测定常用淀粉原料中直链淀粉、支链淀粉及总淀粉含量[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(18):97-100.

王月福,于振文,李尚霞,等.土壤肥力和施氮量对小麦氮素吸收运转及籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(11):1868-1872.

赵满兴,周建斌,杨绒,等.不同施氮量对旱地不同品种冬小麦氮素累积、运输和分配的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(2):143-149.

Demotes-Mainard S, Jeuffroy M H. Effects of nitrogen and radiation on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in the spike of winter wheat[J]. Field Crops Research, 2004, 87:221-233.

赵士诚,魏美艳,仇少君,等.氮肥管理对秸秆还田下土壤氮素供应和冬小麦生长的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(2):20-25.

马冬云,郭天财,岳艳军,等.不同时期追氮对冬小麦植株氮素积累及转运特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):262-268.

胡梦芸,张正斌,徐萍,等.亏缺灌溉下小麦水分利用效率与光合产物积累运转的相关研究[J].作物学报,2007,33(11):1711-1719.

吴光磊, 郭立月, 崔正勇,等. 氮肥运筹对晚播冬小麦氮素和干物质积累与转运的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2012,32(16):5128-5137.

卜冬宁,李瑞奇,张晓,等.氮肥基追比和追氮时期对超高产冬小麦生育及产量形成的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2012,35(4):6-12.

姜丽娜,郑冬云,王言景,等.氮肥施用时期及基追比对豫中地区小麦叶片生理及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(1):149-153.

王月福,于振文,李尚霞,等.氮素营养水平对小麦开花后碳素同化、运转和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2002,22(2):55-59.

贺明荣,杨雯玉,王晓英,等.不同氮肥运筹模式对冬小麦籽粒产量品质和氮肥利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2005,31(8):1047-1051.

浏览量

1584

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

包膜氯化钾对土壤养分供应强度及玉米产量、品质的影响

春小麦光合生理和产量对干旱-复水的响应

缓释复合肥对不同土壤红三叶产量和品质效应的研究

不同覆盖栽培对旱作冬小麦土壤水分、产量和品质的影响