间歇性降雨对黄土坡地水土养分流失的影响

彭遥; 周蓓蓓; 陈晓鹏; 唐湘伟; 陶汪海; 王全九

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.03.009

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间歇性降雨对黄土坡地水土养分流失的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 间歇性降雨对黄土坡地水土养分流失的影响
- Study on the Mechanism of Soil, Water and Nutrient Loss on Loess Slope Under Interval Rain Events
- 水土保持学报 2018年32卷第3期页码：54-60
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西安理工大学, 西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室培育基地,西安,710048
  2. 中科院水利部水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "彭遥(1993-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事农业水土与生态环境研究。E-mail:302854746@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目（51239009，41371239）陕西省科技支撑项目（2013KJXX-38）陕西省自然科学基金项目（2015JQ5161）西安理工大学特色研究计划项目（2016TS013）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.03.009
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2018
- 稿件说明：
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彭遥, 周蓓蓓, 陈晓鹏, 等. 间歇性降雨对黄土坡地水土养分流失的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018,32(3):54-60.

PENG Yao, ZHOU Beibei, CHEN Xiaopeng, et al. Study on the Mechanism of Soil, Water and Nutrient Loss on Loess Slope Under Interval Rain Events[J]. 2018, 32(3): 54-60.
彭遥, 周蓓蓓, 陈晓鹏, 等. 间歇性降雨对黄土坡地水土养分流失的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018,32(3):54-60. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.03.009.

PENG Yao, ZHOU Beibei, CHEN Xiaopeng, et al. Study on the Mechanism of Soil, Water and Nutrient Loss on Loess Slope Under Interval Rain Events[J]. 2018, 32(3): 54-60. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.03.009.

摘要

坡面水土养分流失是研究农业非点源污染方面的核心问题，涉及土壤侵蚀、坡地水文和环境治理等方面的内容。以黄土坡地为研究对象，利用人工降雨模拟试验，分析间歇降雨时坡地产流-入渗-土壤侵蚀过程，以及通过预先在坡地喷施养分（NH4+-N、NO3--N、PO43--P），研究间歇降雨时坡面水土流失以及土壤溶质的迁移规律。试验采用针孔式人工模拟降雨器进行模拟降雨，对试验坡地间歇性进行3次降雨，雨强恒为100 mm/h，每次降雨历时60 min，降雨间隔时间60 min。结果表明：（1）3次降雨的初始含水率不同，但产流规律相似，降雨径流率均为先增大后趋于平稳。（2）3次降雨产生的泥沙累积量分别为250.91，100.20，79.76 g，第1次降雨的泥沙量远高于第2，3次。泥沙率先迅速增大到峰值然后缓慢减少，平均泥沙率随降雨次数的增多而递减。（3）对于非吸附性的NO3-、NH4+，3场降雨过程中溶质浓度均呈现由高降低并逐渐平稳的变化趋势；PO43--P浓度的变化规律却略显不同，降雨初期溶质浓度先短暂升高，然后再由高降低并逐渐平稳。（4）3次降雨的NH4+-N、NO3--N、PO43--P的径流总流失量分别为535.33，1 058.18，400.79 mg，其中NO3--N流失量最多，PO43--P流失量最少。随着降雨次数的增加，不同降雨次数下的NH4+-N、NO3--N、PO43--P径流流失量均逐渐减少，流失量较前次降雨分别降低了19%，14%、3%，62%和57%，28.3%。因此，通过对间歇性降雨条件下黄土坡地水土溶质迁移特征的研究，对揭示降雨-径流-土壤相互作用过程和土壤养分迁移机理具有重要意义。

Abstract

Soil water and nutrient losses have played an important role in the research on the expansion of non-point source pollution

which also involved in soil erosion

hillslope hydrology and environmental management. Based on the simulated rainfall experiments on loess slope with spray-applied fertilizer (NH4+-N

NO3--N

PO43--P)

the process of infiltration

soil erosion

and the solute transport process of soil water and solute on slope under interval rain events were investigated. The simulated rainfall experiments were carried out for three interval rain events. Specifically

rainfall intensity was designed as 100 mm/h

and the rainfall lasted 60 min

the rainfall interval was 60 min. Results were as follows:(1) The initial soil moisture content under the three rainfall events were different

but the runoff processes were similar

and the runoff rate showed an increasing trend at first and then tended to be stable. (2) For three interval rain events

the accumulation amounts of sediment were 250.91

100.20 and 79.76 g

respectively

and the amount of accumulated sediment yield in the 1st rainfall events was more than those of the 2nd and 3rd. The curve of sediment rate increased rapidly to the peak and then decreased slowly

and the average sediment yield decreased with the increase of rainfall frequency. (3) The concentrations of NH4+-N

NO3--N were changed from high to low and gradually tended to be stable in three rainfalls. Compared with the NH4+-N

NO3--N

the concentration of PO43--P increased at the beginning of rainfall

and then lowered and leveled off. (4) The total loss of NH4+-N

NO3--N and PO43--P in surface runoff of three rainfall were 535.33 mg

1 058.18 mg and 400.79 mg

respectively

and NO3--N have the most loss and PO43--P have the least. With the increase of rainfall frequency

NH4+-N

NO3-N and PO43--P loss decreased gradually under different rainfall times

the loss amount were reduced 19% and 14%

3% and 62%

57% and 28.3% than previous rainfalls. The effects of three rain events on yellow soil of loess slope land reveal the interaction of rainfall

surface runoff and soil

and the mechanism of nutrient loss

also provide the scientific basis for control of water and soil erosion.

关键词

Keywords

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