控释尿素减施对双季稻田径流氮素变化、损失及产量的影响

田昌; 周旋; 谢桂先; 刘强; 荣湘民; 张玉平; 谭力彰; 彭建伟

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.03.004

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控释尿素减施对双季稻田径流氮素变化、损失及产量的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 控释尿素减施对双季稻田径流氮素变化、损失及产量的影响
- Effects of Controlled-release Urea Application on Dynamics and Loss of Nitrogen in Runoff and Yield in Double-rice Cropping Field
- 水土保持学报 2018年32卷第3期页码：21-28
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室,长沙,410128
  2. 南方粮油作物协同创新中心,长沙,410128
  3. 湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙,410125
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "田昌(1986-),男,湖南浏阳人,博士研究生,实验师,主要从事农业面源污染防控研究。E-mail:chtian12@126.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0201205）省科技厅重点项目（2016NK2112）省教育厅平台项目（16K040）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.03.004
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2018
- 稿件说明：
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田昌, 周旋, 谢桂先, 等. 控释尿素减施对双季稻田径流氮素变化、损失及产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018,32(3):21-28.

TIAN Chang, ZHOU Xuan, XIE Guixian, et al. Effects of Controlled-release Urea Application on Dynamics and Loss of Nitrogen in Runoff and Yield in Double-rice Cropping Field[J]. 2018, 32(3): 21-28.
田昌, 周旋, 谢桂先, 等. 控释尿素减施对双季稻田径流氮素变化、损失及产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018,32(3):21-28. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.03.004.

TIAN Chang, ZHOU Xuan, XIE Guixian, et al. Effects of Controlled-release Urea Application on Dynamics and Loss of Nitrogen in Runoff and Yield in Double-rice Cropping Field[J]. 2018, 32(3): 21-28. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.03.004.

摘要

为了探究双季稻田典型自然降雨径流过程中氮（N）的输出特点，采用田间径流池法，通过长期田间定位试验，比较普通尿素（U）和控释尿素（CRU）减施稻田径流水中总氮（TN）、铵态氮（NH4+-N）和硝态氮（NO3--N）的动态变化及N素径流流失量和流失率。结果表明：稻田施肥初期出现N素径流峰值，是防控N素径流损失的关键时期。早、晚稻季生育期间施N处理径流水中以NH4+-N为主要形态，分别占TN径流损失量的64.5%~66.3%，61.0%~68.6%。早、晚稻季U处理径流水TN流失量（率）分别为5.6（2.2%），5.0（1.7%） kg/hm2；CRU处理较U处理径流水TN流失量分别降低17.4%~34.1%，17.3%~37.7%；且随着N肥用量的减少，TN流失量（率）逐渐降低。受降雨强度的影响，早稻季N素径流损失较晚稻季高，且晚稻季CRU处理N素径流损失减排效果优于早稻季。早、晚稻季及连作周期CRU处理TN径流累计损失量和籽粒产量与施N量呈显著线性关系，随着N用量的增加而增加。总之，U处理显著提高径流水中N素浓度以及NH4+-N占TN的比例。CRU处理有效减缓N素释放速度，降低施肥初期N素径流损失量，实现增产；而CRU减施有利于进一步防控稻田N素流失风险，促进农业面源污染减排，且以减N 10%效果较好。

Abstract

In order to explore nitrogen (N) output characteristics in double-rice cropping field during the process of the typical natural rainfall runoff

the long-term experiment with common urea (U) and reduction of controlled-release urea (CRU) was conducted to study the dynamics of total nitrogen (TN)

ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) loss and loss ratio of runoff in paddy field. The results showed that N loss peaked in the early time of fertilization

which was the critical period to control N loss. NH4+-N was the main form of N-applied treatments to runoff during early and late rice season

accounting for 64.5%~66.3% and 61.0%~68.6% in TN loss

respectively. The TN loss and loss ratios of runoff in U treatment during early and late rice season were 5.6 kg/hm2 (2.2%)

and 5.0 kg/hm2 (1.7%)

respectively. Compared with U treatment

TN loss in CRU treatments were reduced by 17.4%~34.1% and 17.3%~37.7%

and the TN loss and loss rates of runoff decreased with the decrease of N fertilizer rate. N loss in early rice season was higher than that in late rice season

and the inhibition of CRU treatments in N loss in late season rice was better than that of early rice season as affected by rainfall intensity. TN loss and grain yield in CRU treatments for earlyseason

late-season rice and the continuous cropping cycle had significant linear relationships with N fertilizer rate

which increased with the increasing N fertilizer rate. In conclusion

U treatment significantly increased N concentration and the ratio of NH4+-N to TN in runoff. CRU effectively reduced N release rate and N loss in the early time of fertilization

and thus increased grain yield. The findings indicate that the reduction of CRU is helpful for further control of N loss risk in paddy field

and promote the reduction of agricultural non-point source pollution

especially in reduction of 10% N treatment.

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