基于稻田控水减排的氮肥运筹试验研究

晏; 吴启侠; 朱建强; 张露萍

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.02.034

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基于稻田控水减排的氮肥运筹试验研究

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 基于稻田控水减排的氮肥运筹试验研究
- Experimental Research on Nitrogen Management Based on Emission Controlling for Paddy Field
- 水土保持学报 2018年32卷第2期页码：229-236
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 长江大学农学院,湖北,荆州,434025
  2. 主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心,湖北,荆州,434025
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.02.034
  中图分类号： S275;S365;S511
- 纸质出版：2018
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
晏, 吴启侠, 朱建强, 等. 基于稻田控水减排的氮肥运筹试验研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018,32(2):229-236.

YAN Jun1, 2, WU Qixia1, et al. Experimental Research on Nitrogen Management Based on Emission Controlling for Paddy Field[J]. 2018, 32(2): 229-236.
晏, 吴启侠, 朱建强, 等. 基于稻田控水减排的氮肥运筹试验研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018,32(2):229-236. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.02.034.

YAN Jun1, 2, WU Qixia1, et al. Experimental Research on Nitrogen Management Based on Emission Controlling for Paddy Field[J]. 2018, 32(2): 229-236. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.02.034.

摘要

为改善江汉平原地区稻田水肥管理措施，采用田间小区试验，研究了常规淹灌（CF）和浅灌深蓄（SIDS）条件下，农民习惯施肥（FFP）、30%尿素+70%控释参混肥（30%N+70%CRF）和优化减氮施肥（OPT-N）对水稻各生育阶段稻田氮磷流失特征、养分吸收和土壤养分积累的影响。结果表明：与CF处理相比，SIDS处理田间灌溉水量、总用水量、径流量和渗漏量分别降低41.7%，18.5%，45.8%和21.9%，降雨利用率增加16.2%，TN和TP径流流失量分别降低32.6%～35.9%和36.4%～53.1%，渗漏流失量分别降低22.8%～32.0%和16.2%～33.3%，水稻返青期—拔节孕穗期分别占稻田氮磷径流和渗漏流失总量的70%以上。30%N+70%CRF处理、OPT-N处理较FFP处理，TN径流流失量分别降低19.7%～29.2%，15.1%～25.2%，渗漏流失量分别降低25.4%～51.7%，20.9%～26.4%，TP渗漏流失量分别降低18.4%～24.5%，20.4%～31.6%，但TP径流流失量差别很小。从水稻养分吸收和土壤养分积累来看，SIDS处理实际产量相对CF处理可增产4.4%，但对0—40 cm土层氮磷养分累积影响不大，30%N+70%CRF处理和OPT-N处理相对FFP处理可增产5.6%和0.4%，且0—20 cm土层速效态氮磷养分能维持在一个较高且相对稳定的水平。综上，浅灌深蓄结合30%N+70%CRF施用有利于稻田节水、减少氮磷流失、水稻增产以及土壤肥力改善。

Abstract

In order to improve paddy water and fertilizer management measures in Jianghan Plain

a field plot experiment with two irrigation regimes (conventional flooding irrigation

CF; shallow irrigation and deep storage

SIDS) and three nitrogen (N) managements (farmers' fertilization practice

FFP; 30% urea+70% controlled release compound fertilizer

30%N+70%CRF; optimized and reduced nitrogen fertilizer application

OPT-N) was carried out to study the effects of water and fertilizer managements on losses of N and phosphorus (P)

nutrition uptake of rice and nutrition accumulation of soil during different growth stages. The results were: (1) Compared with CF

SIDS reduced the irrigation quantity

total water use

runoff and leakage by 41.7%

18.5%

45.8% and 21.9%

respectively

but increased rainfall use efficiency by 16.2%. The amounts of total N (TN) from runoff and leakage in SIDS were 32.6%～35.9% and 22.8%～32.0% respectively lower than in CF. SIDS also decreased the amounts of total P (TP) from runoff and leakage by 36.4%～53.1% and 16.2%～33.3%

respectively. Meanwhile

the paddy runoff and leaching losses of TN and TP from re-greening to jointing and booting stages accounted for more than 70% of the whole growing season. (2) Compared with FFP

30%N+70% CRF and OPT-N decreased runoff of TN by 19.7%～29.2% and 15.1%～25.2%

leaching losses of TN by 25.4%～51.7% and 20.9%～26.4%

leaching losses of TP by 18.4%～24.5% and 20.4%～31.6%

respectively

but no obvious difference was found in runoff of TP. (3) Considering the nutrients uptake of rice and nutrition accumulation in soil

compared with FFP

SIDS increased yield by 4.4%

but had no significant effects on N and P accumulation in soil (0-40 cm depth). Compared with FFP

30%N+70% and OPT-N improved 5.6% and 0.4% yields respectively

and also giving the high and stable available N and available P in soil (0—20 cm depth). In generally

the combination of SIDS and 30%N+70% CRF could be effective in saving water

reducing N and P losses

promoting rice yields and improving soil fertility.

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