1. 西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室培育基地,西安,710048
2. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西 杨凌,712100
3. 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司,西安,710075
纸质出版:2017
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张, 牛. 模拟径流条件下覆沙黄土坡面产流产沙过程[J]. 水土保持学报, 2017,31(4):6-10.
Runoff and Sediment Yield Process on the Sand-covered Loess Slopes Under Simulated Runoff Conditions[J]. 2017, 31(4): 6-10.
张, 牛. 模拟径流条件下覆沙黄土坡面产流产沙过程[J]. 水土保持学报, 2017,31(4):6-10. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2017.04.002.
Runoff and Sediment Yield Process on the Sand-covered Loess Slopes Under Simulated Runoff Conditions[J]. 2017, 31(4): 6-10. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2017.04.002.
基于可调控的放水冲刷试验,模拟风水复合侵蚀区典型覆沙黄土坡面,研究不同径流条件下覆沙黄土坡面产流产沙过程。通过室内放水冲刷试验,采用3个放水流量(5,10,15 L/min)和5个坡面覆沙厚度(0,5,15,25,35 mm)研究覆沙黄土坡面产流产沙过程。结果表明:覆沙坡面能够延长产流时间,且随覆沙厚度的增大而延长,不同放水流量条件下5,15,25,35 mm覆沙坡面的产流时间较黄土坡面分别延迟了1.29~1.46倍,1.66~2.5倍,2.32~3.76倍和3.64~4.72倍;覆沙坡面相对黄土坡面其产沙贡献率大于产流贡献率,在相同放水流量条件下,覆沙坡面的径流总量是黄土坡面的1.05~1.8倍,而产沙总量是黄土坡面的1.6~7.5倍;覆沙坡面在不同放水流量条件下,产流0~5 min内,覆沙坡面产流率增长速率明显高于黄土坡面,而在后25 min覆沙坡面与黄土坡面的产流率增长速率基本一致;在整个产流阶段,覆沙坡面的产流率波动程度显著高于黄土坡面。随着放水流量的增大,覆沙坡面的初始产沙强度显著增加;但在同一放水流量前提下,随着覆沙厚度的增大初始产沙强度增强不显著。不同放水流量和不同覆沙厚度条件下坡面产沙强度总体上表现为先剧烈增大后降低然后逐步达到平稳状态,且覆沙坡面产沙强度的波动性明显活跃于黄土坡面。覆沙坡面能够破坏水流的稳定性,在一定程度上加剧了土壤侵蚀。
Runoff and sediment yield process on sand-covered loess slopes under simulated runoff conditions were studied through simulating wind-water complex erosion based on the controlled scouring experiments. This study set up three water flow rates (5
10
and 15 L/min) and five sand-covered thicknesses (0
5
15
25 and 35 mm).The results showed that the runoff yield time on the sand-covered slope was extended
and it extended with the increasing of sand-covered thickness. Under different water flow rate
the runoff yield time on sand-covered slopes (5
15
25
35 mm) were 1.29~1.46 times
1.66~2.5 times
2.5~3.76 times and 3.76~4.72 times
respectively
than those on the loss slope. Compared to the loess slope
sediment yield contribution rate was greater than runoff contribution rate on the sand-covered slope. Under the same water flow rate
the total amount of runoff on sand-covered slope was 1.05~1.8 times of that on the loess slope
and the total amount of sediment yield was 1.6~7.5 times. Under different water flow rates
the increase-rate of runoff rate on the sand-covered slope was significantly higher than that on the loess slope within 0~5 min
and in the later 25 min of runoff
increase-rates of runoff rate on both two kinds of slopes were basically coincident. In the whole runoff
the fluctuation of runoff rate on sand-covered slope was significantly higher than that on loess slope. With the increasing of water flow rate
the initial sediment yield strength on sand-covered slope significantly increased. However
in the same water flow rate
the initial sediment yield strength did not increased significantly with the increasing of sand-covered thickness. Under different water flow rates and different sand-covered thicknesses
the sediment yield strength firstly increased dramatically
then decreased
and then gradually reached a steady state
and the fluctuation of sediment yield strength on the sand-covered slope was significantly higher than that on the loess slope. The results indicated that the sand-covered slope destroyed the stability of the water flow
and aggravated soil erosion at a certain extent.
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