1. 甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州,730070
2. 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,兰州,730070
3. 甘肃省科学院,兰州,730000
纸质出版:2017
移动端阅览
侯慧芝, 高世铭, 张绪成, 等. 旱地全膜覆土穴播春小麦的耗水特征及其对产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2017,31(1):202-210.
HOU Huizhi1, 2, GAO Shiming1, et al. Effects of Soil-plastic Mulching on Water Consumption Characteristics and Grain Yield of Spring Wheat in Semiarid Region[J]. 2017, 31(1): 202-210.
侯慧芝, 高世铭, 张绪成, 等. 旱地全膜覆土穴播春小麦的耗水特征及其对产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2017,31(1):202-210. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2017.01.034.
HOU Huizhi1, 2, GAO Shiming1, et al. Effects of Soil-plastic Mulching on Water Consumption Characteristics and Grain Yield of Spring Wheat in Semiarid Region[J]. 2017, 31(1): 202-210. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2017.01.034.
2012—2014年在西北黄土高原半干旱区甘肃定西(104°36′ E,35°35′ N)进行大田定位试验,以陇春27号小麦为试材,设全膜覆土穴播充分灌溉(FMSI)、全膜覆土穴播(FMS)、露地穴播(CK)3个处理,测定小麦不同生育时期的土壤含水量、生物量、产量、产量构成因子,计算不同生育阶段耗水量、耗水模系数、耗水强度、水分利用效率等指标,揭示全膜覆土穴播春小麦的耗水特征及其对产量和水分利用的影响。结果表明,2013年和2014年FMSI播种—拔节、拔节—抽穗、抽穗—灌浆、灌浆—成熟4个生育阶段耗水量平均为159.5,115.0,47.7,117.7 mm,耗水模系数平均为39.7%,21.5%,13.8%,25.0%,年际间差异不显著,可表征半干旱区全膜覆土穴播春小麦的需水规律。FMS处理0—300 cm土层的土壤贮水量在播种期、拔节期、灌浆期均高于CK。在播种—拔节期,FMS在2013年和2014年的耗水强度较CK分别增加了20.0%和5.8%,但灌浆期降低了26.4%和14.1%。2012—2014年FMS的地上生物量在全生育期均显著高于CK,其中成熟期分别增加了95.7%,42.8%和108.7%。FMS的株高、穗长、单株重、穗重、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均显著高于CK,使得在耗水量无显著增加的条件下,产量增加了35.4%,58.9%,61.9%;WUE提高了44.6%,54.6%,69.0%。因此,全膜覆土穴播可调节不同降水年型的春小麦耗水进程,使得营养生长期的耗水模系数和耗水强度增加,促进了作物源的建成,在灌浆期耗水量降低的条件下提高产量和WUE。
The spring wheat (Triticum aestivum longchun 27) selected as test material
a field experiment
which involved in three treatments were
1)Whole field soil plastic mulching and irrigation (FMSI)
2)Whole field soil plastic mulching (FMS)
and 3)Uncovered and bunch seeded (CK)
had been conducted from 2012 to 2014 at Gansu Dingxi on northwest Loess Plateau (104°36′ E
35°35′ N). The seasonal soil water content
biomass
yield and its components of spring wheat had been recorded
and the periodical water consumption
water consumption modulus coefficient
water consumption intensity
water use efficiency had been calculated
to reveal the water consumption characteristics of the whole field soil plastic mulching and bunch seeded spring wheat
and its effect on yield formation and water utilization. The average water consumption from sowing to jointing
jointing to heading
to Filling
and Filling to Maturity of FMSI in 2013 and 2014 were 159.5
115.0 mm
47.7 mm and 117.7 mm
the water consumption modulus coefficient were 39.7%,21.5%,13.8% and 25.0%
respectively
and there were no significant difference between 2013 and 2014. It’s indicated that the results could be served as the spring wheat water requirement pattern under whole field soil plastic mulching condition. The soil water storage in 0—300 cm soil profile of FMS was higher than CK in sowing
jointing and filling of spring wheat. From sowing to jointing
the water consumption intensity of FMS increased by 20.0%
5.8%
but from filling to maturity
it decreased by 26.4%
14.1% in 2013 and 2014 respectively
as compared with CK. The biomass of FMS was significantly higher than CK from 2012 to 2014. Especially
it increased by 95.7%
42.8% and 108.7% than CK in maturity. The plant height
spike length
plant weight
spike weight
spike lets numbers
spike grain number
1000-grain weight of FMS were significantly higher than CK
resulted in the increment of grain yield for 35.4%
58.9 % and 61.9%
and increment of water use efficiency for 44.6%
54.6% and 69.0% while without significantly increment of evapotranspiration from 2012 to 2014. Consequently
the FMS regulated the water consumption process in different precipitation year
improved the water consumption modulus coefficient and water consumption intensity in productive growth stage of spring wheat
this benefited to source development and resulted in increasing yield and WUE while decreasing evapotranspiration in filling .
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