Sand flux structure，the distribution of sediment runoff in the vertical height，was the product of the combined effects including the mechanical composition of sand，the degree?of?sorting，the feature of near surface airflow，the air humidity，the underlying form，the structure of vegetation，and so on. It could directly characterize the movement of sand，analyze the situation of surface erosion and deposition，master the morphological development and evolution of aeolian landform. It played an important role in the theory and practice. Based on these，it was very necessary to carry out the characteristics of sand motion in the hinter land of Taklimakan desert. In order to reveal two-dimensional spatial distribution of the sand flow and the sand of different?particle，bare sandy land and sand barriers were selected. Two kinds of sand collectors (one was set to observe sand flow in the vertical height，the other was set to observe sand flow in the horizontal direction) were installed to measure the features of sand flow movement. In-situ observation was performed from April 2015 to June 2015. Then differentiation process between sand flux structure and sand particle?size distribution and nylon net checkerboard barrier were researched. The results were as follows：(1) The sand flux structure exhibited an exponential decay distribution at the bare sandy land，took on unique effect of elephant nose in the front of the barrier and exhibited obsequent effect of elephant nose in the middle of the barrier. Sand-barrier obviously reduced the sand transport rates of the near-surface (0～42 cm). (2) At the bare sandy land，the vertical mass flux profiles of the very fine sand and coarse silt groups exhibited exponential decay distribution，the vertical mass flux profiles of silt，fine silt and the very fine silt exhibited exponential increase distribution with appearing exponential decay distribution in the away-bed region. Going across the sand barrier，the vertical mass flux profiles of sand and the vertical distribution patterns of sand had changed in the near-bed region (0～32 cm). (3) Sand barrier not only changed the spatial distribution of the sand flow，but also changed the spatial distribution of different size sand. All of those，the spatial distribution of fine sand had change the most.