The economic and ecological effects of the pear-upland rice system in sloping land in Three Georges reservoir area were analyzed in this paper. Comparing with the pear mono-cropping orchard

the new pear-upland rice system indicated that:(1)It improved the microclimate environment and soil fertility

reducing soil and water losses and decreased the soil erosion;(2)It increased the content of chlorophyll of pear leaves and the photosynthetic rate

and also improved the intrinsic quality of pear;(3) Weed and pest can be significantly controlled in the system so that it could reduce or limit the application of herbicide and pesticide which resulted in 60.19 kg N/hm~2 and 8.0 kg P/hm~2 of non-point source pollution load.(4)It could notably increase the economic benefits

and the land utilization efficiency increased by 44%.