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1.内蒙古农业大学旱区水工程生态环境全国重点实验室,呼和浩特 010018
2.内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特 010018
Received:21 November 2025,
Revised:2026-03-15,
Accepted:17 April 2026,
Online First:29 May 2026,
Published:28 August 2026
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樊雪琴,李为萍,张家鹏,等.施氮对盐渍农田向日葵根际土壤细菌反硝化途径与根系生长及产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(4):205-215.
Fan Xueqin, Li Weiping, Zhang Jiapeng, et al. Effects of nitrogen application on rhizosphere bacterial denitrification pathways, root growth, and yield of sunflowers in salt-affected farmland[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026, 40(4):205-215.
樊雪琴,李为萍,张家鹏,等.施氮对盐渍农田向日葵根际土壤细菌反硝化途径与根系生长及产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(4):205-215. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.040. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.040.
Fan Xueqin, Li Weiping, Zhang Jiapeng, et al. Effects of nitrogen application on rhizosphere bacterial denitrification pathways, root growth, and yield of sunflowers in salt-affected farmland[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026, 40(4):205-215. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.040. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.040.
目的
2
为探究施氮调控盐渍农田向日葵根际土壤细菌反硝化途径进而促进根系生长及产量的具体途径。
方法
2
2023—2024年开展膜下滴灌向日葵田间小区试验,以当地常规施氮量为对照(CK:200 kg/hm
2
),并设减氮25%(N1:150 kg/hm
2
),减氮50%(N2:100 kg/hm
2
),减氮75%(N3:50 kg/hm
2
)共4个处理。
结果
2
2 a试验表明,适度减氮有助于改善盐渍农田根际土壤环境并促进向日葵根系与产量形成。与CK相比,N1、N2处理均显著提高现蕾期根际土壤Ca
2
⁺(17.22%、10.56%)、Mg
2
⁺(34.75%、25.40%)含量,降低
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4.57200003
2.62466669
、
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7.19666624
3.38666677
含量,同时N1处理显著促进现蕾期根系分泌草酸与柠檬酸(59.07%和60.11%),N2处理显著促进现蕾期和成熟期根系分泌甲酸;功能基因方面,N1、N2、N3处理降低
narG
、
nirK
、
nirS
反硝化功能基因相对丰度,然而N1处理提高
nosZ
基因的丰度,并改变
nosZ
型菌群的组成,提高
nosZ
型Acidobacteria和Proteobacteria的相对丰度。作物生长与产量形成方面,N1、N2处理显著增加开花期根表面积密度(RSAD)与现蕾期根长密度(RLD)值,2 a N1处理显著促进向日葵百粒重(9.07%)、单盘籽粒重(9.08%)增加向日葵产量(5.05%);相比之下,N2与N3处理显著降低成熟期RSAD值(23.66%、29.46%)、百粒重(21.67%、29.51%)与单盘籽粒重(21.66%、29.49%)。
结论
2
减氮25%处理对根际土壤反硝化初始过程(
<math id="M3"><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></math>
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https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=117538092&type=
6.43466663
3.47133350
→NO)有潜在的抑制作用,对完全反硝化过程(N
2
O→N
2
)有潜在的促进作用,不仅从源头上阻控盐渍农田土壤氮素损失,还能促进N
2
的还原。同时在促进植株根系生长与产量形成与改善根际土壤离子环境方面具有显著优势。研究结果可为土默川平原灌区科学施氮与阻控氮素损失提供理论参考。
Objective
2
This study aims to investigate the specific mechanisms by which nitrogen application regulates rhizosphere bacterial denitrification pathways in salt-affected farmland, thereby promoting sunflower root growth and yield.
Methods
2
Field plot experiments with drip irrigation under plastic mulch were conducted in sunflower farmland from 2023 to 2024. Four nitrogen application levels were set: the local conventional nitrogen application rate as control (CK: 200 kg/hm
2
), 25% nitrogen reduction (N1: 150 kg/hm
2
), 50% nitrogen reduction (N2: 100 kg/hm
2
), and 75% nitrogen reduction (N3: 50 kg/hm
2
).
Results
2
The two-year experiments demonstrated that moderate nitrogen reduction improved the rhizosphere soil environment in salt-affected farmland and promoted sunflower root growth and yield formation. Compared with CK, both N1 and N2 treatments significantly increased Ca
2+
(17.22%, 10.56%) and Mg
2+
(34.75%, 25.40%) contents in rhizosphere soil at the budding stage, and reduced
<math id="M4"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo></mrow></msup></math>
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https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=117538114&type=
4.57200003
2.62466669
and
<math id="M5"><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></math>
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7.19666624
3.38666677
contents. Furthermore, N1 treatment significantly promoted oxalic acid and citric acid secretion by root at the budding stage (59.07% and 60.11%), and N2 treatment significantly promoted formic acid secretion by root at both the budding stage and the maturity stage. Regarding functional genes, N1, N2, and N3 treatments reduced the relative abundance of denitrifying genes
narG
,
nirK
, and
nirS
, whereas N1 treatment increased the abundance of the
nosZ
gene and altered the composition of
nosZ
-type bacterial communities, including increasing the relative abundance of
nosZ
-type Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria. Regarding crop growth and yield formation, N1 and N2 treatments significantly increased root surface area density (RSAD) at the flowering stage and root length density (RLD) at the budding stage. Over two years, N1 treatment significantly increased sunflower 100-seed weight (9.07%), seed weight per head (9.08%), and yield (5.05%). In contrast, N2 and N3 treatments significantly reduced RSAD values (23.66%, 29.46%), 100-seed weight (21.67%, 29.51%), and seed weight per head (21.66%, 29.49%) at the maturity stage.
Conclusion
2
A 25% nitrogen reduction treatment has a potential inhibitory effect on the initial stage of denitrification (
<math id="M6"><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></math>
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6.43466663
3.47133350
→NO) and a potential promoting effect on the complete denitrification process (N
2
O→N
2
) in rhizosphere soil. This not only suppresses nitrogen loss from salt-affected farmland at the source but also promotes N
2
reduction
.
Meanwhile, it shows significant advantages in promoting plant root growth and yield formation, as well as improving the rhizosphere soil ionic environment. These findings provide a theoretical basis for scientific nitrogen application and nitrogen loss control in the Tumuchuan Plain irrigation district.
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