Morphological Changes and Influencing Factors of Headcut Scour Holes at Ephemeral Gullies within Herbaceous Communities in Loess Hilly-Gully Region

Wang Yu; Zhang Yatong; Zhang Guanghui

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.029

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Morphological Changes and Influencing Factors of Headcut Scour Holes at Ephemeral Gullies within Herbaceous Communities in Loess Hilly-Gully Region

Basic Research | 更新时间：2026-09-10

- Morphological Changes and Influencing Factors of Headcut Scour Holes at Ephemeral Gullies within Herbaceous Communities in Loess Hilly-Gully Region
- Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Vol. 40, Issue 4, Pages: 227-236(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京师范大学地理科学学部，北京 100875
  2.北京师范大学地表过程与;水土风沙灾害风险防控全国重点实验室，北京 100875
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.029
  CLC： S157.1
- CSTR：32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.029
- Received：24 January 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-03-24，
  
  Accepted：08 April 2026，
  
  Online First：22 April 2026，
  
  Published：28 August 2026
- 稿件说明：
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王宇，张雅童，张光辉.黄土丘陵沟壑区草本群落切沟沟头内凹洞形态变化及影响因素［J］.水土保持学报，2026，40（4）：227-236.

Wang Yu， Zhang Yatong， Zhang Guanghui. Morphological changes and influencing factors of headcut scour holes at ephemeral gullies within herbaceous communities in loess hilly-gully region［J］. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation， 2026， 40（4）：227-236.
王宇，张雅童，张光辉.黄土丘陵沟壑区草本群落切沟沟头内凹洞形态变化及影响因素［J］.水土保持学报，2026，40（4）：227-236. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.029. CSTR： 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.029.

Wang Yu， Zhang Yatong， Zhang Guanghui. Morphological changes and influencing factors of headcut scour holes at ephemeral gullies within herbaceous communities in loess hilly-gully region［J］. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation， 2026， 40（4）：227-236. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.029. CSTR： 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.029.

摘要

目的

为探究典型草本群落坡面切沟沟头内凹洞形态变化过程及其主控因素。

方法

以黄土丘陵沟壑区典型草本群落（长芒草、胡枝子、铁杆蒿等）为研究对象，开展野外放水冲刷试验，利用近景摄影测量法监测内凹洞形态特征变化过程。

结果

1）不同草本群落根重密度和土壤性质差异显著，土壤表层（0~0.2 m）铁杆蒿群落根重密度、根长密度、总孔隙度、饱和含水量、团聚体平均重量直径显著大于其他草本群落，而土壤体积质量、黏结力和贯入阻力相反；2）草本群落显著影响内凹洞形态特征及其变化过程。内凹洞宽度、高度、深度、面积、体积、形状系数和深度直径比等形态特征均随冲刷时间呈增大-减小-增大波动性变化趋势。不同草本群落条件下沟头内凹洞的形态发育存在显著差异，铁杆蒿群落发育最慢，其次为胡枝子和长芒草群落；3）Pearson相关分析和PLS分析结果显示根重密度、根长密度、总孔隙度、饱和含水量、团聚体平均重量直径等显著影响内凹洞深度。偏最小二乘结构方程模型表明，植被根系特征与土壤团聚体稳定性是影响内凹洞深度发育的关键因子，总效应分别为-0.65和-0.53，植被根系显著提高土壤团聚体稳定性，进而阻控内凹洞发育。

结论

为解析植被恢复影响切沟溯源侵蚀机制提供重要的理论依据。

Abstract

Objective

This study aims to investigate the morphological change process of scour holes at the headcut of ephemeral gullies on slopes with typical herbaceous communities and their main controlling factors.

Methods

Field runoff scouring experiments were conducted on slopes covered by three typical herbaceous communities in the loess hilly-gully region （

Stipa bungeana

，

Lespedeza davurica

， and

Artemisia gmelinii

）. Close-range photogrammetry was applied to monitor morphological change processes of scour holes.

Results

1） Significant differences in root mass density and soil properties were observed among different herbaceous communities. In the topsoil layer （0~0.2 m）， the

Artemisia gmelinii

community exhibited significantly higher root mass density， root length density， total porosity， saturated water content， and aggregate mean weight diameter than the other two communities， while soil bulk density， cohesion， and penetration resistance showed the opposite pattern. 2） Herbaceous communities significantly affected the morphological characteristics of scour holes and their change processes. Morphological parameters， including width， height， depth， area， volume， shape factor， and depth-to-diameter ratio， showed fluctuating variations with scouring duration， following an increase-decrease-increase trend. Significant differences in morphological development of headcut scour holes at gullies were observed among different herbaceous communities， with the slowest development in the

Artemisia gmelinii

community， followed by

Lespedeza davurica

and

Stipa bungeana

. 3） Pearson correlation and partial least squares （PLS） analyses showed that root mass density， root length density， total porosity， saturated water content， and a

ggregate mean weight diameter significantly affected scour hole depth. PLS structural equation modeling （PLS-SEM） indicated that vegetation root traits and aggregate mean weight diameter were key factors affecting scour hole depth development， with total effects of -0.65 and -0.53， respectively. Vegetation roots significantly increased soil aggregate stability， thereby inhibiting scour hole development.

Conclusion

The findings provide important theoretical support for understanding mechanisms by which vegetation restoration influences headward erosion in ephemeral gullies.

关键词

Keywords

references

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