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1.浙江农林大学环境与资源学院碳中和学院,全省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室, 杭州 311300
2.农产品质量安全全国重点实验室, 全省土壤修复与质量提升重点实验室,浙江省农业科学院环境资源与;土壤肥料研究所, 杭州 310021
3.绍兴市柯桥区农业水产技术推广站, 浙江 绍兴 312030
Received:19 January 2026,
Revised:2026-03-03,
Accepted:30 March 2026,
Online First:22 April 2026,
Published:28 August 2026
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梁梦露,陈俊辉,叶雪珠,等.生物质炭施用对稻田土壤有机碳组分、酶活性及微生物残体碳积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(4):196-204.
Liang Menglu, Chen Junhui, Ye Xuezhu, et al. Effects of biochar application on soil organic carbon fractions, enzyme activities, and microbial necromass carbon accumulation in paddy soils[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026, 40(4):196-204.
梁梦露,陈俊辉,叶雪珠,等.生物质炭施用对稻田土壤有机碳组分、酶活性及微生物残体碳积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(4):196-204. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.023. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.023.
Liang Menglu, Chen Junhui, Ye Xuezhu, et al. Effects of biochar application on soil organic carbon fractions, enzyme activities, and microbial necromass carbon accumulation in paddy soils[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026, 40(4):196-204. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.023. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.023.
目的
2
为探讨生物质炭施用对稻田土壤有机碳(SOC)总量及微生物残体碳(MNC)等关键有机碳组分积累的影响及机制。
方法
2
通过田间试验,分析一次性施用玉米秸秆生物质炭20 (M20)、30 (M30)、40 t/hm
2
(M40)5 a后MNC等土壤有机碳组分及酶活性等的变化。
结果
2
与对照(不施炭)相比,生物质炭处理使土壤SOC、颗粒态有机碳(POC)、矿物结合态有机碳(MAOC)含量分别提高19.4%~45.0%、36.3%~65.3%、13.4%~47.2%,但土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)和土壤微生物量碳(MBC)分别降低9.8%~29.2%、19.5%~29.1%。生物质炭处理对氨基甘露糖、氨基葡萄糖、胞壁酸和氨基半乳糖等生物标志物含量、真菌残体碳(FNC)及细菌残体碳(BNC)含量无显著影响。然而施炭处理使土壤FNC,BNC及MNC对SOC的贡献率显著降低16.6%~32.4%、16.7%~27.2%、17.0%~30.8%。M30处理土壤多酚氧化酶(PHOX)、过氧化物酶(PERO)、α-葡萄糖苷酶(AG)、β-D-纤维二糖水解酶(CB)、β-木糖苷酶(XYL)活性分别显著降低19.8%、24.7%、32.7%、34.2%、33.7%。相关性分析表明,MNC对SOC的贡献率与pH,POC和MAOC呈显著负相关,而与MBC和部分水解酶活性呈正相关。随机森林模型预测结果显示,MAOC和pH是决定MNC对SOC贡献的主要驱动因素。
结论
2
生物质炭的施用有利于提高土壤有机碳的积累和稳定,这主要是通过促进颗粒态有机碳和矿物结合态有机碳(而非微生物残体碳)的积累,研究结果可为应用生物质炭提升稻田土壤固碳能力提供理论参考。
Objective
2
This study investigates the effects and mechanisms of biochar application on the accumulation of total soil organic carbon (SOC) and key organic carbon fractions such as microbial necromass carbon (MNC) in paddy soils.
Methods
2
A field experiment was conducted to analyze the changes in SOC fractions, such as MNC and enzyme activities, five years after a one-time application of maize straw biochar at rates of 20 t/hm
2
(M20), 30 t/hm
2
(M30), and 40 t/hm
2
(M40).
Results
2
Compared with the control (no biochar application), biochar treatments increased the contents of SOC, particulate organic carbon (POC), and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) by 19.4%-45.0%, 36.3%-65.3%, and 13.4%-47.2%, respectively, whereas dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) decreased by 9.8%v29.2%, and 19.5%-29.1%, respectively. Biochar treatments had no significant effects on the contents of biomarkers such as mannosamine, glucosamine, muramic acid, and galactosamine, nor on fungal necromass carbon (FNC) and bacterial necromass carbon (BNC). However, biochar treatments significantly reduced the contribution rates of FNC, BNC, and MNC to SOC by 16.6%-32.4%, 16.7%-27.2%, and 17.0%-30.8%, respectively. The M30 treatment significantly decreased the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PHOX), peroxidase (PERO), α-glucosidase (AG), β-D-cellobiohydrolase (CB), and β-xylosidase (XYL) by 19.8%, 24.7%, 32.7%, 34.2%, and 33.7%, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that the contribution rate of MNC to SOC was significantly negatively correlated with pH, POC, and MAOC, and positively correlated with MBC and some hydrolytic enzyme activities. Random forest model prediction showed that MAOC and pH were the main driving factors determining the contribution of MNC to SOC.
Conclusion
2
Biochar application enhances the accumulation and stability of SOC mainly by promoting the accumulation of POC and MAOC rather than MNC. The results provide a theoretical reference for improving soil carbon sequestration in paddy soils through biochar application.
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