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1.内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院, 呼和浩特 010018
2.内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院, 内蒙古 包头 014010
Received:26 December 2025,
Revised:2026-02-28,
Accepted:24 March 2026,
Online First:01 April 2026,
Published:28 August 2026
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李响,刘霞,屈忠义,等.水氮调控对盐渍化农田氮肥去向及气态损失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(4):115-127.
Li Xiang, Liu Xia, Qu Zhongyi, et al. Effects of water and nitrogen regulation on fate of nitrogen fertilizer and gaseous losses in saline-alkali farmland[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026, 40(4):115-127.
李响,刘霞,屈忠义,等.水氮调控对盐渍化农田氮肥去向及气态损失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(4):115-127. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.017. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.017.
Li Xiang, Liu Xia, Qu Zhongyi, et al. Effects of water and nitrogen regulation on fate of nitrogen fertilizer and gaseous losses in saline-alkali farmland[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026, 40(4):115-127. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.017. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.017.
目的
2
为探究水氮调控对盐渍化农田中NH
3
和N
2
O排放及氮肥利用率规律的影响。
方法
2
以向日葵为研究对象,设置T1轻度亏缺灌溉(田持65%~75%)和T2充分灌溉(田持75%~80%)2个灌溉梯度,N1(0 kg/hm
2
)、N2(150 kg/hm
2
)、N3(225 kg/hm
2
)、N4(300 kg/hm
2
) 4个施氮水平。通过分析不同灌溉梯度及施氮水平对NH
3
和N
2
O排放的影响,明确盐碱地氮肥利用、残留、损失规律特征。
结果
2
2种灌溉条件下随着施氮量的增加,N
2
O排放通量和NH
3
挥发速率均显著提高,N4处理的排放峰值较N3、N2平均增加4.4%~21.4%。在相同施氮水平下,T2处理的累积NH
3
挥发量与N
2
O排放量分别高于T1处理10.10%~20.41%、16.41%~39.77%,且T1的氮肥气态损失率低于T2处理7.05%~32.38%。
15
N同位素示踪结果表明,肥料氮素去向规律表现为氮肥损失率
>
氮肥残留率
>
氮肥利用率。残留肥料氮主要集中在0~20 cm土层,占总残留量46.13%~63.14%,随着土层深度逐渐递减。T1处理下向日葵的产量均优于T2处理,提高4.12%~12.38%,T1处理的氮肥利用率较T2处理增加8.46%~14.96%,其中T1N3产量和氮肥利用率最高,分别为2 796.01 kg/hm
2
和26.10%。同时盐分对氮转化过程影响主要与盐分离子组成有关,Na
+
+K
+
、
<math id="M1"><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></math>
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=117536438&type=
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=117536451&type=
8.63599968
3.38666677
与气态氮排放速率呈正相关(
r
=0.57~0.86)。
结论
2
针对重度盐渍化农田,在轻度亏缺灌溉条件下,225 kg/hm
2
施氮水平(T1N3)可在保障氮肥利用效率基础上,有效降低氮肥残留与气态损失,是减排增效的最优水氮管理模式。
Objective
2
This study aims to investigate the effects of water and nitrogen regulation on the emission patterns of NH
3
and N
2
O and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in saline-alkali farmland.
Methods
2
Sunflower was used as the research subject. Two irrigation gradients were set: T1, mild deficit irrigation (field capacity 65%-75%), and T2, full irrigation (field capacity 75%-80%). Four nitrogen application levels were established: N1 (0 kg/hm
2
), N2 (150 kg/hm
2
), N3 (225 kg/hm
2
), and N4 (300 kg/hm
2
). By analyzing the effects of different irrigation gradients and nitrogen application levels on NH
3
and N
2
O emissions, the pattern characteristics of nitrogen fertilizer utilization, residue, and loss in saline-alkali land were clarified.
Results
2
Under the two irrigation conditions, with increasing nitrogen application rate, both the N
2
O emission flux and NH
3
volatilization rate significantly increased. Peak emissions under the N4 treatment were 4.4%-21.4% higher than those under N3 and N2. Under the same nitrogen application level, the cumulative NH
3
volatilization and N
2
O emissions under the T2 treatment were 10.10%-20.41% and 16.41%-39.77% higher than those under the T1 treatment, respectively. The gaseous nitrogen fertilizer loss rate under the T1 treatment was 7.05%-32.38% lower than that under the T2 treatment. The
15
N isotope tracing results showed that the fate of fertilizer nitrogen followed the pattern: nitrogen fertilizer loss rate
>
nitrogen fertilizer residual rate
>
nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate. The residual fertilizer nitrogen was mainly concentrated in the 0-20 cm soil layer, accounting for 46.13%-63.14% of the total residual amount, and gradually decreased with increasing soil layer depth. Under the T1 treatment, the sunf
lower yield was higher than that under the T2 treatment by 4.12%-12.38%. The nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate under the T1 treatment was 8.46%-14.96% higher than that under the T2 treatment. Among them, the T1-N3 treatment achieved the highest yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, reaching 2 796.01 kg/hm
2
and 26.10%, respectively. Additionally, the effects of salinity on the nitrogen transformation process were mainly related to the composition of salt ions, and Na
+
+K
+
and
<math id="M2"><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></math>
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=117536453&type=
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=117536440&type=
8.63599968
3.38666677
were positively correlated with the gaseous nitrogen emission rate (
r
= 0.57-0.86).
Conclusion
2
For severely saline-alkali farmland, under mild deficit irrigation conditions, a nitrogen application level of 225 kg/hm
2
(T1N3) can effectively reduce nitrogen fertilizer residue and gaseous losses while ensuring nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, representing the optimal water and nitrogen management mode for emission reduction and efficiency improvement.
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