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1.西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院(水土保持研究所), 水土保持与荒漠化整治全国重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100
2.国网(西安)环保技术中心有限公司, 西安 710100
3.中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,西安 710043
4.陕西安塞农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西 杨凌 712100
5.云南省水利水电勘测设计院有限公司, 昆明 650021
Received:26 December 2025,
Revised:2026-02-16,
Accepted:20 March 2026,
Online First:31 March 2026,
Published:28 August 2026
移动端阅览
刘恒,鱼小兵,杨艳芬,等.黄土高原刺槐林枯落物持水能力地带性特征与归因[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(4):173-184.
Liu Heng, Yu Xiaobing, Yang Yanfen, et al. Zonal characteristics and attribution of litter water-holding capacity in Robinia pseudoacacia forests on the Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026, 40(4):173-184.
刘恒,鱼小兵,杨艳芬,等.黄土高原刺槐林枯落物持水能力地带性特征与归因[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(4):173-184. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.015. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.015.
Liu Heng, Yu Xiaobing, Yang Yanfen, et al. Zonal characteristics and attribution of litter water-holding capacity in Robinia pseudoacacia forests on the Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026, 40(4):173-184. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.015. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.015.
目的
2
为明确黄土高原刺槐林枯落物持水能力的地带性特征及其对混交模式的响应机制。
方法
2
以黄土高原刺槐林为对象,采集森林区、森林草原区和草原区刺槐纯林(R
p
)、刺槐混交林[刺槐×侧柏(R
p
×P
o
)、刺槐×山杏(R
p
×P
s
)、刺槐×油松(R
p
×P
t
)]共31个样地枯落物,研究其枯落物持水能力。
结果
2
1) 3个植被带刺槐纯林枯落物最大持水率均高于刺槐混交林,在草原区,R
p
较R
p
✕P
t
高5.1%,在森林草原区和森林区,R
p
较R
p
✕P
o
、R
p
✕P
s
、R
p
✕P
t
的分别高5.6%、5.3%、11.4%和11.6%、11.5%、20.3%,其中,R
p
在草原区(147.88%)最低,森林草原区(180.80%)和森林区(170.31%)相近且更高,R
p
✕P
t
是森林草原区(162.28%)最高,草原区(140.64%)和森林区(141.60%)相近且偏低。2)吸水-蒸发过程的持水率随时间变化,吸水阶段对数增长,蒸发阶段指数衰减,变化速率均符合幂函数衰减。3)R
p
和R
p
✕P
t
有效拦蓄量与多年平均降雨量和多年平均气温成正比,且草原区掉坎式低于森林草原区和森林区,对于各植被带内最优森林类型,草原区R
p
(7.17 t/hm
2
)最高,森林草原区R
p
✕P
o
(16.27 t/hm
2
)最高,森林区R
p
✕P
t
(17.45 t/hm
2
)最高。4)偏最小二乘结构方程模型表明,气候与地形直接影响植被,再与植被共同影响枯落物持水能力,地形还可直接影响持水率。
结论
2
黄土高原刺槐林枯落物有效拦蓄量与降雨量、气温正相关,草原区、森林草原区和森林区区域最优森林类型依次为R
p
、R
p
✕P
o
和R
p
✕P
t
,研究结果为水源涵养林优化及区域功能评估提供理论依据。
Objective
2
To clarify the zonal characteristics of litter water-holding capacity in
Robinia pseudoacacia
forests and their response mechanisms to mixing patterns on the Loess Plateau.
Methods
2
Taking
R. pseudoacacia
forests on the Loess Plateau as the research subject, the litter was collected from a total of 31 sample plots of pure
R. pseudoacacia
forests (R
p
) and mixed
R. pseudoacacia
forests [
R. pseudoacacia
×
Platycladus orientalis
(R
p
×P
o
),
R. pseudoacacia
×
Prunus sibirica
(R
p
×P
s
),
R. pseudoacacia
×
Pinus tabuliformis
(R
p
×P
t
)] in the forest zone, forest-steppe zone and steppe zone to study litter water-holding capacity.
Results
2
1) In all three vegetation zones, the maximum water-holding rate of litter in pure
R. pseudoacacia
forests (R
p
) was higher than that in mixed
R. pseudoacacia
forests. In the steppe zone, R
p
was 5.1% higher than R
p
×P
t
. In the forest-steppe zone, R
p
was 5.6%, 5.3%, and 11.4% higher than R
p
×P
o
, R
p
×P
s
, and R
p
×P
t
, respectively. In the forest zone, R
p
was 11.6%, 11.5%, and 20.3% higher than R
p
×P
o
, R
p
×P
s
, and R
p
×P
t
, respectively. Among these, R
p
was the lowest in the steppe zone (147.88%), while the values in the forest-steppe zone (180.80%) and forest zone (170.31%) were relatively similar and higher. For R
p
×P
t
, the value was the highest in the forest-steppe zone (162.28%), while the values in the steppe zone (140.64%) and forest zone (141.60%) were similar and lower. 2) During the water absorption-evaporation process, the water-holding rate varied with time: it increased logarithmically during the absorption stage and decreased exponentially during the evaporation stage, with both change rates following a power function decay. 3) The effective water interception capacity of R
p
and R
p
×P
t
was positively correlated with mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature, and the capacity in the steppe zone was abruptly lower than that in the forest-steppe zone and forest zone. Regarding the optimal forest type within each vegetation zone, R
p
in the steppe zone (7.17 t/hm²) was the highest, followed by R
p
×P
o
in the forest-steppe zone (16
.27 t/hm²) and R
p
×P
t
in the forest zone (17.45 t/hm²). 4) Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) revealed that climate and topography first directly affected vegetation, and then together with vegetation jointly influenced litter water-holding capacity. Topography could also directly affect the water-holding rate.
Conclusion
2
The effective interception capacity of litter in
R. pseudoacacia
forests on the Loess Plateau is positively correlated with precipitation and temperature. The optimal forest types for the steppe, forest-steppe, and forest zones are R
p
, R
p
×P
o
, and R
p
×P
t
, respectively. The results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing water conservation forests and assessing regional functions.
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