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1.中国水利水电科学研究院 内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站,北京 100038
2.内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院, 呼和浩特 010018
Received:02 November 2025,
Revised:2026-02-09,
Accepted:16 March 2026,
Online First:24 March 2026,
Published:28 August 2026
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宁佳俊,郭建英,杨振奇,等.窟野河流域景观格局演变与生态盈余的关联性[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(4):477-488.
Ning Jiajun, Guo Jianying, Yang Zhenqi, et al. Correlation between landscape pattern evolution and ecological surplus in Kuye River basin[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026, 40(4):477-488.
宁佳俊,郭建英,杨振奇,等.窟野河流域景观格局演变与生态盈余的关联性[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(4):477-488. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.008. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.008.
Ning Jiajun, Guo Jianying, Yang Zhenqi, et al. Correlation between landscape pattern evolution and ecological surplus in Kuye River basin[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026, 40(4):477-488. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.008. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.008.
目的
2
深入探究窟野河流域景观格局与生态盈余的时空演变特征及耦合关系,为该区域生态修复与可持续发展提供指导意见。
方法
2
以窟野河流域为研究对象,基于2000—2024年6期Landsat遥感影像,采用支持向量机分类与目视解译获取土地利用数据,提取多尺度景观格局指数;结合2000年、2010年、2024年统计年鉴数据,基于生态足迹与生态承载力模型核算生态盈余,并通过Spearman秩相关分析量化景观格局与生态盈余的关联关系。
结果
2
1)2000—2010年受高强度工矿开发与土地利用扩张影响,流域景观破碎化显著加剧,斑块密度(PD)和分割度(DIVISION)明显升高;2010年后,在退耕还林(草)与矿区生态修复等政策驱动下,聚集度(CONTAG)和连通度(COHESION)呈上升趋势,景观格局由破碎化向整体优化转变。2)生态盈余变化主要受能源足迹快速增长驱动,其中化石能源用地生态赤字由2000年1.376 1×10
6
hm²扩大至2024年的9.28×10⁷ hm²,占总生态赤字的绝对主导地位,成为导致流域生态承载能力下降的关键因素。3)景观格局指数与生态盈余关联显著,CONTAG与COHESION与生态盈余呈极显著正相关(
p
<
0.01),斑块密度(PD)、分裂度(DIVISION)及Shannon多样性指数(SHDI)呈显著负相关,工矿干扰背景下的“破碎化与干扰型多样性”对生态盈余具有明显抑制效应。
结论
2
窟野河流域景观格局破碎化程度是调控生态盈余的核心因子,2010年的演变转折与区域工矿整治政策直接关联;通过降低景观破碎化、提升生态用地连接度的修复措施,可有效推动流域生态盈余稳步回升,研究成果可为砒砂岩区工矿流域的生态修复规划提供量化参考。
Objective
2
This study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and coupling relationship between landscape patterns and ecological surplus in the Kuye River basin, thereby providing guidance for ecological restoration and sustainable development in this region.
Methods
2
Taking the Kuye River basin as the study area, land use data were obtained based on six periods of Landsat remote sensing images from 2000 to 2024 using support vector machine classification and visual interpretation, and multiscale landscape pattern indices were extracted. Using statistical yearbook data from 2000, 2010, and 2024, ecological surplus was calculated based on ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity models, and the relationship between landscape patterns and ecological surplus was quantified using Spearman rank correlation analysis.
Results
2
1) From 2000 to 2010, under the influence of high-intensity industrial and mining development and land use expansion, landscape fragmentation in the river basin significantly inten
sified, with patch density (PD) and division index (DIVISION) increasing markedly. After 2010, driven by policies such as the Grain for Green Program and mine ecological restoration, contagion (CONTAG) and cohesion (COHESION) exhibited increasing trends, indicating a transition of landscape patterns from fragmentation towards overall structural optimization. 2) Changes in ecological surplus were mainly driven by the rapid growth of the energy footprint. Specifically, the ecological deficit of fossil energy land expanded from 1.376 1×10⁶ hm² in 2000 to 9.28×0⁷ hm² in 2024, accounting for an overwhelming proportion of the total ecological deficit and becoming the key factor constraining the decline of ecological carrying capacity in the river basin. 3) Significant correlations were observed between landscape pattern indices and ecological surplus. CONTAG and COHESION showed extremely significant positive correlations with ecological surplus (
p
<
0.01), while patch density (PD), diversity index (DIVISION), and Shannon's diversity index (SHDI) exhibited significant negative correlations. The "fragmentation and disturbance-driven diversity" under industrial and mining disturbance exerted a significant inhibitory effect on ecological surplus.
Conclusion
2
Landscape fragmentation is the core factor regulating ecological surplus in the Kuye River Basin, and the turning point in 2010 is directly associated with regional industrial and mining regulation policies. Restoration measures that reduce landscape fragmentation and enhance the connectivity of ecological land can effectively promote the steady recovery of ecological surplus in the river basin. The findings can provide a quantitative reference for ecological restoration planning in industrial and mining-affected river basins of the Pisha sandstone region.
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