

浏览全部资源
扫码关注微信
河北农业大学农学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室,河北省作物生长调控实验室, 河北 保定 071000
Received:25 November 2025,
Revised:2026-02-25,
Accepted:13 March 2026,
Online First:26 March 2026,
Published:28 August 2026
移动端阅览
赵琪,张迎香,李瑞奇,等.限水灌溉时期对冬小麦耗水特性和产量形成的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(4):105-114.
Zhao Qi, Zhang Yingxiang, Li Ruiqi, et al. Effects of limited irrigation periods on water consumption characteristics and yield formation in winter wheat[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026, 40(4):105-114.
赵琪,张迎香,李瑞奇,等.限水灌溉时期对冬小麦耗水特性和产量形成的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(4):105-114. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.007. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.007.
Zhao Qi, Zhang Yingxiang, Li Ruiqi, et al. Effects of limited irrigation periods on water consumption characteristics and yield formation in winter wheat[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026, 40(4):105-114. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.007. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.007.
目的
2
为明确河北省冬小麦生育期限灌一水模式下的最佳灌溉时期。
方法
2
以“济麦22”为供试材料,于2021—2022年和2022—2023年2个小麦生长季设置春4叶(T4)、春5叶(T5)和春6叶(T6)露尖3个灌溉追氮时期处理,分析不同时期灌溉追氮对小麦耗水特性、干物质积累和籽粒产量及其构成的影响。
结果
2
生育期限灌一水条件下,小麦耗水来源占比及阶段耗水分配受气候年型影响大。推迟灌溉对全生育期及开花前后各阶段的土壤贮水消耗量和总耗水量均无显著影响,仅在降水较多的2022—2023年生长季促进对深层土壤水的利用。播前土壤贮水量和水分利用效率与籽粒产量呈显著正相关,总耗水量与产量无显著相关性,因此,保障关键时期的水分供应更加重要。穗数与产量呈显著正相关,穗粒重与产量呈显著负相关。推迟灌溉后穗数呈下降趋势,穗粒重呈上升趋势,2个生长季T6产量均最低,穗数的降幅超过穗粒重的增幅是其减产的根本原因。底墒655.74 mm的2021—2022年生长季T5穗数下降少,获得最高产量;底墒仅541.24 mm的2022—2023年生长季T5穗数下降较多,T4产量最高。
结论
2
在小麦生育期限灌一水模式下,优先保障较高穗数是高产的关键,当播前底墒>600 mm或春季降雨充沛时,可推迟至春5叶期灌溉以兼顾粒重;而在底墒不足550 mm或干旱年份,必须在春4叶灌溉以保穗数。研究结果可为河北省冬小麦限水丰产栽培提供理论依据和技术支撑。
Objective
2
This study aims to determine the optimal irrigation timing under the single-irrigation mode during the growth period for winter wheat in Hebei Province.
Methods
2
Using winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 as the test material, a field experiment was conducted over two growing seasons (2021-2022 and 2022-2023). Three irrigation and nitrogen topdressing timing treatments were implemented: at the 4th (T4), 5th (T5), and 6th (T6) leaf visible stages in spring. The effects of irrigation and nitrogen topdressing at different timings on wheat water consumption characteristics, dry matter accumulation, grain yield, and its components were analyzed.
Results
2
Under the condition of single-irrigation mode during the growth period, the proportion of water consumption sources and the stage-specific distribution of water consumption in wheat were significantly influenced by the climatic year type. Delaying irrigation had no significant effect on soil water storage consumption or total water consumption throughout the entire growth period and during each stage before and after anthesis, and only promoted the utilization of deep soil water in the 2022-2023 growing season with more precipitation. Pre-sowing soil water storage and water use efficiency showed significant positive correlations with grain yield, while total water consumption showed no significant correlation. Therefore, ensuring water supply at critical stages was more important. Spike number was significantly positively correlated with yield, and grain weight per spike was significantly negatively correlated with yield. Delaying irrigation decreased spike number but increased grain weight per spike. The T6 treatment yielded the lowest during both growing seasons, and the fundamental reason for the yield reduction was that the decrease in spike number exceeded the increase in grain weight per spike. In the 2021—2022 growing season with a pre-sowing soil water storage of 655.74 mm, the T5 treatment showed a slight decrease in spike number and achieved the highest yield. In the 2022-2023 growing season with a pre-sowing soil water storage of only 541.24 mm, the T5 treatment showed a larger decrease in spike number, and the T4 treatment achieved the highest yield.
Conclusion
2
Under the single-irrigation mode during the growth period for wheat, prioritizing a higher spike number is key to achieving high yield. When pre-sowing soil water storage is greater than 600 mm or spring rainfall is sufficient, the irrigation can be postponed to the 5th leaf visible stage in spring to balance the grain weight. When pre-sowing soil water storage is less than 550 mm or in drought years, the irrigation must be conducted at the 4th leaf visible stage in spring to ensure spike number. The research findings can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the water-limited and high-yield cultivation of winter wheat in Hebei Province.
张永平 , 张英华 , 黄琴 , 等 . 冬小麦节水栽培群体“穗叶比”及其与产量和水分利用的关系 [J]. 生态学报 , 2013 , 33 ( 12 ): 3657 - 3667 .
Zhang Yongping , Zhang Yinghua , Huang Qin , et al . The ear-leaf ratio of population is related to yield and water use efficiency in the water-saving cultivation system of winter wheat [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica , 2013 , 33 ( 12 ): 3657 - 3667 .
薛丽华 , 段俊杰 , 王志敏 , 等 . 不同水分条件对冬小麦根系时空分布、土壤水利用和产量的影响 [J]. 生态学报 , 2010 , 30 ( 19 ): 5296 - 5305 .
Xue Lihua , Duan Junjie , Wang Zhimin , et al . Effects of different irrigation regimes on spatial-temporal distribution of roots, soil water use and yield in winter wheat [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica , 2010 , 30 ( 19 ): 5296 - 5305 .
彭羽 , 郭天财 , 王晨阳 . 冬小麦开花后水分调控对光合特性及产量性状的影响 [J]. 麦类作物学报 , 2001 , 21 ( 4 ): 83 - 86 .
Peng Yu , Guo Tiancai , Wang Chenyang . Effect of water control after anthesis on yield properties and photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat [J]. Acta Tritical Crops , 2001 , 21 ( 4 ): 83 - 86 .
Ozturk A , Aydin F . Effect of water stress at various growth stages on some quality characteristics of winter wheat [J]. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science , 2004 , 190 ( 2 ): 93 - 99 .
林祥 , 王东 . 不同底墒条件下补灌对冬小麦耗水特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响 [J]. 作物学报 , 2017 , 43 ( 9 ): 1357 - 1369 .
Lin Xiang , Wang Dong . Effects of supplemental irrigation on water consumption characteristics, grain yield and water use efficiency in winter wheat under different soil moisture conditions at seeding stage [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica , 2017 , 43 ( 9 ): e1357 .
Fang Q X , Ma L , Green T R , et al . Water resources and water use efficiency in the North China Plain: Current status and agronomic management options [J]. Agricultural Water Management , 2010 , 97 ( 8 ): 1102 - 1116 .
刘志良 , 李晓爽 , 曹彩云 , 等 . 春灌一水时间对冬小麦灌浆特性和水分利用效率的影响 [J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文) , 2021 , 29 ( 8 ): 1296 - 1304 .
Liu Zhiliang , Li Xiaoshuang , Cao Caiyun , et al . Effects of time of spring one irrigation on the grain filling characteristics and water use efficiency of winter wheat [J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture , 2021 , 29 ( 8 ): 1296 - 1304 .
韩东伟 , 何建宁 , 李浩然 , 等 . 灌水时期对冬小麦个体、群体结构和冠层光合作用的影响 [J]. 江苏农业学报 , 2022 , 38 ( 3 ): 577 - 586 .
Han Dongwei , He Jianning , Li Haoran , et al . Effects of irrigation period on individual structure, population structure and canopy photosynthesis of winter wheat [J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences , 2022 , 38 ( 3 ): 577 - 586 .
刘丽平 , 欧阳竹 , 武兰芳 , 等 . 灌溉模式对不同群体小麦光合特性的调控机制 [J]. 中国生态农业学报 , 2012 , 20 ( 2 ): 189 - 196 .
Liu Liping , Ouyang Zhu , Wu Lanfang , et al . Regulation mechanism of irrigation schedule on population photosynthesis of winter wheat: Regulation mechanism of irrigation schedule on population photosynthesis of winter wheat [J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture , 2012 , 20 ( 2 ): 189 - 196 .
周吉红 , 毛思帅 , 孟范玉 , 等 . 春季灌水和追氮对北京冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响 [J]. 麦类作物学报 , 2021 , 41 ( 12 ): 1548 - 1555 .
Zhou Jihong , Mao Sishuai , Meng Fanyu , et al . Effect of irrigation and nitrogen topdressing in spring of wheat in Beijing suburb [J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops , 2021 , 41 ( 12 ): 1548 - 1555 .
石刚 , 骆兰平 , 王世辉 , 等 . 不同灌水模式对小麦产量及农艺性状的影响 [J]. 农业科技通讯 , 2021 ( 11 ): 67 - 69 .
Shi Gang , Luo Lanping , Wang Shihui , et al . Effects of different irrigation patterns on wheat yield and agronomic traits [J]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology , 2021 ( 11 ): 67 - 69 .
刘志良 . 不同时间春灌一水对冬小麦生长及水分利用效率的影响 [D]. 山东 泰安 : 山东农业大学 , 2021 .
Liu Zhiliang . Effects of spring irrigation with one water at different time on growth and water use efficiency of winter wheat [D]. Taian, Shandong : Shandong Agricultural University , 2021 .
党建友 , 裴雪霞 , 王姣爱 , 等 . 灌水时间对冬小麦生长发育及水肥利用效率的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报 , 2012 , 23 ( 10 ): 2745 - 2750 .
Dang Jianyou , Pei Xuexia , Wang Jiaoai , et al . Effects of irrigation time on the growth and water-and fertilizer use efficiencies of winter wheat [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology , 2012 , 23 ( 10 ): 2745 - 2750 .
杨思 , 张晓琪 , 徐家瑞 , 等 . 灌水时期对冬小麦生长发育及耗水特性的影响 [J]. 灌溉排水学报 , 2021 , 40 ( 6 ): 36 - 44 .
Yang Si , Zhang Xiaoqi , Xu Jiarui , et al . Effects of irrigation period on growth and water consumption characteristics of winter wheat [J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage , 2021 , 40 ( 6 ): 36 - 44 .
崔世明 , 于振文 , 王东 , 等 . 灌水时期和数量对小麦耗水特性及产量的影响 [J]. 麦类作物学报 , 2009 , 29 ( 3 ): 442 - 446 .
Cui Shiming , Yu Zhenwen , Wang Dong , et al . Effect of irrigation stage and amount on water consumption characteristics and grain yield in wheat [J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops , 2009 , 29 ( 3 ): 442 - 446 .
吴英杰 , 董元杰 , 孙桂阳 , 等 . 水肥一体化追氮配施氮肥增效剂对冬小麦生长和氮素利用率的影响 [J]. 水土保持学报 , 2025 , 39 ( 4 ): 285 - 294 .
Wu Yingjie , Dong Yuanjie , Sun Guiyang , et al . Effects of integrated water and fertilizer nitrogen application combined with nitrogen fertilizer synergist on winter wheat growth and nitrogen use efficiency [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation , 2025 , 39 ( 4 ): 285 - 294 .
张皖玉 , 张志勇 , 张潇斌 , 等 . 不同施氮量对小麦-玉米轮作体系氮素利用的影响 [J]. 河南农业大学学报 , 2024 , 58 ( 4 ): 562 - 572 .
Zhang Wanyu , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhang Xiaobin , et al . Effects of different nitrogen application rates on nitrogen use in wheat-maize rotation system [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University , 2024 , 58 ( 4 ): 562 - 572 .
申晓晶 , 陈猷 , 栾文杰 , 等 . 气候变化和人类活动下玉米需水量时空特征及未来趋势 [J]. 水土保持学报 , 2025 , 39 ( 4 ): 243 - 253 .
Shen Xiaojing , Chen You , Luan Wenjie , et al . Spatial and temporal characteristics and future trends of maize water requirements under climate change and human activities [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation , 2025 , 39 ( 4 ): 243 - 253 .
乔源 , 余建奎 , 杨泊 , 等 . 2000—2024年人民胜利渠灌区冬小麦物候变化与气候变化响应 [J]. 灌溉排水学报 , 2026 , 45 ( 2 ): 111 - 119 .
Qiao Yuan , Yu Jiankui , Yang Bo , et al . The impact of climate change on phenological shifts of winter wheat in the People′s Victory Canal Irrigation District [J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage , 2026 , 45 ( 2 ): 111 - 119 .
颜雅琼 , 岳元 , 庞礴 , 等 . 气候变化背景下淮北地区冬小麦水分供需演变特征及其关联性分析 [J]. 灌溉排水学报 , 2025 , 44 ( 11 ): 18 - 26 .
Yan Yaqiong , Yue Yuan , Pang Bo , et al . Spatiotemporal changes in water supply and demand for winter wheat in northern Huai River basin under climate change [J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage , 2025 , 44 ( 11 ): 18 - 26 .
Si Zhuanyun , Zain M , Mehmood F , et al . Effects of nitrogen application rate and irrigation regime on growth, yield, and water-nitrogen use efficiency of drip-irrigated winter wheat in the North China Plain [J]. Agricultural Water Management , 2020 , 231 : e106002 .
柴守玺 , 杨长刚 , 张淑芳 , 等 . 不同覆膜方式对旱地冬小麦土壤水分和产量的影响 [J]. 作物学报 , 2015 , 41 ( 5 ): 787 - 796 .
Chai Shouxi , Yang Changgang , Zhang Shufang , et al . Effects of plastic mulching modes on soil moisture and grain yield in dryland winter wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica , 2015 , 41 ( 5 ): 787 - 796 .
丁晋利 , 魏红义 , 杨永辉 , 等 . 保护性耕作对农田土壤水分和冬小麦产量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报 , 2018 , 29 ( 8 ): 2501 - 2508 .
Ding Jin li , Wei Hong yi , Yang Yong hui , et al . Effects of conservation tillage on soil water condition and winter wheat yield in farmland [J]. The Journal of Applied Ecology , 2018 , 29 ( 8 ): 2501 - 2508 .
Zhang Xiying , Qin Wenli , Chen Suying , et al . Responses of yield and WUE of winter wheat to water stress during the past three decades: A case study in the North China Plain [J]. Agricultural Water Management , 2017 , 179 : 47 - 54 .
褚鹏飞 , 王东 , 张永丽 , 等 . 灌水时期和灌水量对小麦耗水特性、籽粒产量及蛋白质组分含量的影响 [J]. 中国农业科学 , 2009 , 42 ( 4 ): 1306 - 1315 .
Chu Pengfei , Wang Dong , Zhang Yongli , et al . Effects of irrigation stage and amount on water consumption characteristics, grain yield and content of protein components of wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica , 2009 , 42 ( 4 ): 1306 - 1315 .
孟维伟 , 张永丽 , 马兴华 , 等 . 灌水时期和灌水量对小麦耗水特性和旗叶光合作用及产量的影响 [J]. 作物学报 , 2009 , 35 ( 10 ): 1884 - 1892 .
Meng Weiwei , Zhang Yongli , Ma Xinghua , et al . Effects of irrigation stage and amount on water consumption characteristics, flag leaf photosynthesis, and grain yield in wheat: Effects of irrigation stage and amount on water consumption characteristics, flag leaf photosynthesis, and grain yield in wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica , 2009 , 35 ( 10 ): 1884 - 1892 .
刘志良 , 曹彩云 , 潘胤霖 , 等 . 不同时间春灌一水对冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响 [J]. 河北农业科学 , 2020 , 24 ( 2 ): 35 - 39 .
Liu Zhiliang , Cao Caiyun , Pan Yinlin , et al . Effects of irrigation once in spring at different dates on growth and yield of winter wheat [J]. Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences , 2020 , 24 ( 2 ): 35 - 39 .
马富举 , 杨程 , 张德奇 , 等 . 灌水模式对冬小麦光合特性、水分利用效率和产量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报 , 2018 , 29 ( 4 ): 1233 - 1239 .
Ma Fu ju , Yang Cheng , Zhang De qi , et al . Effects of irrigation regimes on photosynthesis, water use efficiency and grain yield in winter wheat [J]. The Journal of Applied Ecology , 2018 , 29 ( 4 ): 1233 - 1239 .
刘哲文 , 郭丹丹 , 常旭虹 , 等 . 追氮对弱筋小麦干物质、氮素积累及产量的影响 [J]. 麦类作物学报 , 2023 , 43 ( 8 ): 1029 - 1038 .
Liu Zhewen , Guo Dandan , Chang Xuhong , et al . Effect of nitrogen topdressing on dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and yield of weak gluten wheat varieties [J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops , 2023 , 43 ( 8 ): 1029 - 1038 .
吴儒刚 , 苏誉 , 刘文海 , 等 . 水密调控对小麦产量及经济效益的影响 [J]. 安徽农业科学 , 2023 , 51 ( 7 ): 18 - 21 .
Wu Rugang , Su Yu , Liu Wenhai , et al . Effects of water density regulation on grain yield and economic benefits of wheat [J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences , 2023 , 51 ( 7 ): 18 - 21 .
文廷刚 , 贾艳艳 , 顾大路 , 等 . 氮水运筹对苏北平原稻茬麦干物质积累、产量和氮肥利用的影响 [J]. 麦类作物学报 , 2023 , 43 ( 3 ): 321 - 331 .
Wen Tinggang , Jia Yanyan , Gu Dalu , et al . Effect of nitrogen and water management on dry matter accumulation, yield and nitrogen utilization of wheat following rice in northern Jiangsu plain [J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops , 2023 , 43 ( 3 ): 321 - 331 .
杨文龙 . 灌水量和灌水时期对冬小麦西农511产量和品质的影响 [D]. 陕西 杨凌 : 西北农林科技大学 , 2024 .
Yang Wenlong . Effects of irrigation amount and irrigation period on yield and quality of winter wheat Xinong 511 [D]. Yangling, Shaanxi : Northwest A&F University , 2024 .
Zhang Xiying , Chen Suying , Sun Hongyong , et al . Dry matter, harvest index, grain yield and water use efficiency as affected by water supply in winter wheat [J]. Irrigation Science , 2008 , 27 ( 1 ): 1 - 10 .
薛丽萍 . 灌水时期对小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响 [J]. 山西农业科学 , 2013 , 41 ( 5 ): 463 - 465 .
Xue Liping . Effect of irrigation times on yield and water use efficiency of wheat [J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences , 2013 , 41 ( 5 ): 463 - 465 .
Zhang Zhen , Huang Jing , Gao Yanmei , et al . Suppressed ABA signal transduction in the spike promotes sucrose use in the stem and reduces grain number in wheat under water stress [J]. Journal of Experimental Botany , 2020 , 71 ( 22 ): 7241 - 7256 .
林平 , 李顺 , 葛振勇 , 等 . 不同生育期灌水对小麦产量及农艺性状的影响与分析 [J]. 农业科技通讯 , 2020 ( 6 ): 47 - 50 .
Lin Ping , Li Shun , Ge Zhenyong , et al . Effect and analysis of irrigation at different growth stages on wheat yield and agronomic characters [J]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology , 2020 ( 6 ): 47 - 50 .
刘红杰 , 倪永静 , 任德超 , 等 . 不同灌水次数和施氮量对冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响 [J]. 中国农学通报 , 2017 , 33 ( 2 ): 21 - 28 .
Liu Hongjie , Ni Yongjing , Ren Dechao , et al . Effects of different irrigation times and nitrogen application rates on agronomic characters and yield of winter wheat [J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin , 2017 , 33 ( 2 ): 21 - 28 .
0
Views
37
下载量
0
CSCD
Publicity Resources
Related Articles
Related Author
Related Institution
京公网安备11010802024621