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福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福州 350002
Received:29 January 2026,
Revised:2026-02-27,
Accepted:18 March 2026,
Published:28 June 2026
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王祖梅,郭永佳,蔡俊杰,等.生物结皮提升红壤区崩壁土壤多功能性的养分-微生物途径[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(3):24-36.
WANG Zumei, GUO Yongjia, CAI Junjie, et al. Nutrient-Microbial pathway underlying enhancement of soil multifunctionality by biocrusts on collapsing walls in red soil region[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026, 40(3):24-36.
王祖梅,郭永佳,蔡俊杰,等.生物结皮提升红壤区崩壁土壤多功能性的养分-微生物途径[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(3):24-36. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.03.033. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.03.033.
WANG Zumei, GUO Yongjia, CAI Junjie, et al. Nutrient-Microbial pathway underlying enhancement of soil multifunctionality by biocrusts on collapsing walls in red soil region[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026, 40(3):24-36. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.03.033. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.03.033.
目的
2
旨在阐明生物结皮在红壤侵蚀区极端退化生境下驱动土壤多功能性恢复的具体机制。
方法
2
以福建省典型崩壁为研究对象,选取裸土、藻结皮、藓结皮为样品,测定土壤养分及关键酶活性,利用高通量测序及路径分析解析“生物结皮-养分环境-微生物特征-多功能性”的驱动路径。
结果
2
1)不同类型生物结皮对崩壁土壤多功能性均具有显著提升作用,且表现为藓结皮
>
藻结皮
>
裸土的显著梯度特征;藓结皮处理下的有机碳、全氮及碱解氮含量均达到最高,多功能性指数显著高于藻结皮和裸土。2)全氮(
R
2
=0.78)、碱解氮(
R
2
=0.82)及脲酶(
R
2
=0.83)是支撑土壤多功能性提升的核心驱动因子。3)生物结皮(尤其是藓结皮)显著提高细菌群落的Shannon多样性指数及碳水化合物、氨基酸代谢功能潜力的基因丰度;细菌多样性及功能潜力与土壤多功能性呈极显著正相关(
p
<
0.01),而真菌群落的功能贡献相对较弱。4)路径分析显示,生物结皮主要通过改善土壤养分环境(直接效应占比达89.50%)来提升土壤多功能性;微生物特征虽能显著响应养分条件的改善,但在当前生境下其对综合功能的直接驱动效应尚未完全显现(贡献率仅占10.50%)。
结论
2
生物结皮通过“结皮演替-养分环境改善-多功能性提升”这一核心路径有效促进崩壁土壤功能的协同恢复。在红壤区崩岗治理中,人工接种生物结皮并促进其向苔藓阶段演替,是加速崩壁土壤生态修复的有效策略。
Objective
2
This study aims to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which biocrusts drive the recovery of soil multifunctionality in extremely degraded habitats in the red soil erosion area.
Methods
2
Typical collapsing walls in Fujian Province were selected as the research object. Soil samples of bare soil, algal biocrusts, and moss biocrusts were collected to determine soil nutrient contents and key enzyme activities. High-throughput sequencing and path analysis were employed to decipher the driving pathway of biocrusts-nutrient environment-microbial characteristics-soil multifunctionality.
Results
2
1) Different types of biocrusts significantly enhanced the soil multifunctionality of collapsing walls, exhibiting a clear gradient of moss biocrusts
>
algal biocrusts
>
bare soil. Under moss biocrust treatment, the c
ontents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen reached their maximum, and the multifunctionality index was significantly higher than those of algal biocrust and bare soil treatments. 2) Total nitrogen (
R
2
= 0.78), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (
R
2
= 0.82), and urease (
R
2
= 0.83) were the core drivers supporting the improvement of soil multifunctionality. 3) Biocrusts (especially moss biocrusts) significantly increased the Shannon diversity index of the bacterial community and the gene abundance of metabolic functional potentials related to carbohydrates and amino acids. Bacterial diversity and functional potential showed a highly significant positive correlation with soil multifunctionality (
p
<
0.01), while the functional contribution of the fungal community was relatively weak. 4) Path analysis revealed that biocrusts enhanced soil multifunctionality primarily by improving the soil nutrient environment (direct effect accounting for 89.50%). Although microbial characteristics responded significantly to the improvement of nutrient conditions, their direct driving effect on integrated functions did not fully manifest in the current habitat (contributing only 10.50%).
Conclusion
2
Biocrusts effectively promote the synergistic recovery of soil functions on collapsing walls through the core pathway of biocrust succession-nutrient environment improvement-multifunctionality enhancement. In the management of Benggang erosion in the red soil region, artificial inoculation of biocrusts and promotion of their succession toward the moss stage represent an effective strategy for accelerating the ecological restoration of collapsing wall soils.
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