Effects of Water and Nitrogen Management on Soil Nitrogen Metabolism Enzyme Activity and Wheat Nitrogen Utilization

CUI Zhenkun; YU Zhenwen; SHI Yu; ZHANG Yongli; ZHANG Zhen

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2025.01.025

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Effects of Water and Nitrogen Management on Soil Nitrogen Metabolism Enzyme Activity and Wheat Nitrogen Utilization

更新时间：2025-03-14

- Effects of Water and Nitrogen Management on Soil Nitrogen Metabolism Enzyme Activity and Wheat Nitrogen Utilization
- Vol. 39, Issue 1, Pages: 160-169(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  小麦育种全国重点实验室, 山东农业大学农学院, 农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东,泰安,271018
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2025.01.025
  CLC： S154.4;S512.1
- Published：2025
- 稿件说明：
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CUI Zhenkun, YU Zhenwen, SHI Yu, et al. Effects of Water and Nitrogen Management on Soil Nitrogen Metabolism Enzyme Activity and Wheat Nitrogen Utilization[J]. 2025, 39(1): 160-169.
DOI：

CUI Zhenkun, YU Zhenwen, SHI Yu, et al. Effects of Water and Nitrogen Management on Soil Nitrogen Metabolism Enzyme Activity and Wheat Nitrogen Utilization[J]. 2025, 39(1): 160-169. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2025.01.025.

摘要

目的为探究在测墒补灌条件下，水氮运筹对土壤氮代谢相关酶活性和小麦氮素利用的影响。方法采用二因素裂区设计，主区在小麦拔节期和开花期，0~40 cm土层土壤相对水分体积分数分别补灌至65%(W1)、75%(W2)、85%(W3)；副区分别设置施纯氮0(N0)、150(N1)、180(N2)、210(N3)kg/hm24个施氮量。在2022—2024年2个小麦生长季，测定分析土壤氮代谢相关酶活性、植株氮素积累转运、氮素营养指数、硝态氮残留量、籽粒产量和水氮利用效率。结果 1) 土壤相对水分体积分数补灌至75%水平，协同施氮180 kg/hm2(W2N2处理)能够显著提高小麦开花期土壤脲酶和蛋白酶活性，降低土壤硝酸还原酶活性，有利于土壤氮素向作物可吸收形态转化。由方差分析结果可知，灌溉水平、施氮量及其交互作用对土壤氮代谢酶活性的影响均达到极显著水平(p＜0.01)。W2N2处理显著减少60~120 cm土层土壤硝态氮残留量，降低土壤氮素淋溶风险。2) W2N2和W2N3处理均能够显著提高小麦营养器官氮素积累量、氮素转运量和籽粒氮素积累量，同时，具有最佳的氮素营养指数，能够满足小麦氮素需求。灌溉水平、施氮量及其互作效应对小麦氮素营养指数、氮素积累和转运的影响均达到极显著水平(p＜0.01)。3) W2N2处理能够获得最高的籽粒产量，继续增加水氮投入对小麦产量无显著影响。不同灌溉水平和施氮量对小麦籽粒产量具有显著影响，且二因素的交互作用达到极显著水平(p＜0.01)，灌溉水平和施氮量对籽粒产量的决定系数分别为0.313、0.485。4) W2N2处理具有较高的水氮利用效率，继续提高灌溉水平和施氮量，易造成小麦水氮利用效率的显著降低。灌溉水平、施氮量及其互作效应对小麦水氮利用效率的影响均达到极显著水平(p＜0.01)。相较于W2N2处理，W2N3、W3N2和W3N3处理氮肥农学效率2年平均值降低13.02%~26.34%，氮肥利用率降低9.77%~23.64%，灌溉水利用效率降低2.88%~38.10%。结论小麦拔节期和开花期0~40 cm土层土壤相对水分体积分数分别补灌至75%，协同施氮180 kg/hm2能够显著提高小麦籽粒产量、水氮利用效率、营养器官氮素积累与转运量和籽粒氮素积累量；同时，具有最佳的土壤氮代谢酶活性和氮素营养指数，是黄淮海地区小麦高产高效的最优水氮运筹方式。

Abstract

Objective To explore the effects of water and nitrogen management on soil nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity and wheat nitrogen utilization under irrigation based on soil moisture.Methods The experiment adopted a two-factor split zone design

and the main plot was three irrigation levels

i. e. the relative water content of the 0—40 cm soil layer at jointing and anthesis stages of wheat was supplemented to 65% (W1)

75% (W2) and 85% (W3). The subplot was four nitrogen application rates

i. e. pure nitrogen 0 (N0)

150 (N1)

180 (N2) and 210 (N3) kg/hm2. Soil nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity

nitrogen accumulation and translocation

nitrogen nutrition index (NNI)

residual amount of nitrate-nitrogen

grain yield

water-and nitrogen-use efficiencies were measured and analyzed in two wheat growing seasons from 2022 to 2024.Results 1) Supplementing irrigation to 75% and applying 180 kg/hm2 nitrogen (W2N2 treatment) could significantly improve the activities of soil urease and protease

reduce the activity of soil nitrate reductase

facilitated the transformation of soil nitrogen into crop absorbable forms. According to the results of variance analysis

the effects of irrigation level

nitrogen application rate and their interaction on soil nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity reached a very significant level (p < 0.01). In addition

W2N2 treatment significantly reduced the residual amount of nitrate-nitrogen in the 60—120 cm soil layer

and reduced the risk of soil nitrogen leaching. 2) Both W2N2 and W2N3 treatments could significantly increase nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs

nitrogen translocation and grain nitrogen accumulation

and had the best NNI

which could meet the nitrogen requirements of wheat. The effects of irrigation level

nitrogen application rate and their interaction on NNI

nitrogen accumulation and transport of wheat reached a significant level (p < 0.01). 3) The highest grain yield could be obtained by W2N2 treatment

while further increasing water and nitrogen input had no significant effect on grain yield. Different irrigation levels and nitrogen application rates had significant effects on grain yield

and the interaction between the two factors reached a very significant level (p < 0.01). The decision coefficient of irrigation level and nitrogen application rate on grain yield was 0.313 and 0.485

respectively. 4) W2N2 treatment had high water-and nitrogen-use efficiencies

that would be easy to cause a significant decrease under continuous improvement of irrigation level and nitrogen application rate. The effects of irrigation level

nitrogen application rate and their interaction on water-and nitrogen-use efficiencies of wheat reached a significant level (p < 0.01). Compared with W2N2 treatment

the two-year average nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiencies of W2N3

W3N2 and W3N3 treatment were reduced by 13.02% to 26.34%

the nitrogen utilization rates were reduced by 9.77% to 23.64%

and the irrigation water use efficiencies were reduced by 2.88% to 38.10%.Conclusion The soil relative water content of the 0—40 cm soil layer at the jointing and anthesis stages of wheat supplemented to 75%

and nitrogen applied at 180 kg/hm2 can significantly improve wheat grain yield

water-and nitrogen-use efficiencies

nitrogen accumulation

nitrogen translocation in vegetative organs and grain nitrogen accumulation

and have the best soil nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity and NNI. It is the optimal water and nitrogen management for wheat with high yield and high efficiency in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.

关键词

Keywords

references

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