Review on the Mechanism of Microaggregate Formation and Stabilization of Restoration Forest in Red Soil

HUANG Rongzhen; ZHU Liqin; ZOU Xianhua; FANG Huanying; WANG Jinping; HUANG Guomin; LI Yanyan; LIAO Yingchun; SHEN Fangfang

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.003

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Review on the Mechanism of Microaggregate Formation and Stabilization of Restoration Forest in Red Soil

更新时间：2025-03-12

- Review on the Mechanism of Microaggregate Formation and Stabilization of Restoration Forest in Red Soil
- Vol. 37, Issue 4, Pages: 14-22(2023)
- 作者机构：
  
  南昌工程学院, 江西省退化生态系统修复与流域生态水文重点实验室,南昌,330099
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.003
  CLC： S714.2
- Published：2023
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
HUANG Rongzhen, ZHU Liqin, ZOU Xianhua, et al. Review on the Mechanism of Microaggregate Formation and Stabilization of Restoration Forest in Red Soil[J]. 2023, 37(4): 14-22.
DOI：

HUANG Rongzhen, ZHU Liqin, ZOU Xianhua, et al. Review on the Mechanism of Microaggregate Formation and Stabilization of Restoration Forest in Red Soil[J]. 2023, 37(4): 14-22. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.003.

摘要

微团聚体是土壤团粒结构的基本组成单元

较大团聚体具有更强的稳定性

其形成与稳定对于土壤有机碳的长期吸存起着决定性作用。目前关于微团聚体形成与稳定性的研究多专注于农业土壤

红壤侵蚀地植被恢复后土壤团聚体稳定性、有机碳分布及微生物群落特征研究也主要集中在大团聚体上

而土壤微团聚体的动态变化及其主要影响因素尚不明确

对于其内在机制更缺乏了解。通过总结土壤微团聚体的形成过程及稳定性

综述了凋落物、根系和菌根对土壤微团聚体形成与稳定的影响

阐述了土壤微团聚体内微生物群落、化学结合态有机碳及有机碳结构是土壤有机碳稳定的重要机制

并提出了未来微团聚体研究方向

以期揭示红壤侵蚀退化地森林恢复过程中微团聚体形成和稳定的生物化学机制

从而为深入阐明有机质—土壤团聚结构—微生物—化学耦合作用和森林土壤碳吸存机制提供参考。

Abstract

Microaggregates are the basic unit of soil aggregate structure and have stronger stability than large aggregates. Their formation and stability play a decisive role in the long-term sequestration of soil organic carbon. Current studies on the formation and stability of microaggregates mainly focus on agricultural soils. Studies on soil aggregate stability

organic carbon distribution and microbial community characteristics after vegetation restoration in red eroded soil are also mainly concentrated on macroaggregates. However

the dynamic changes and their main influencing factors of soil microaggregates remain unclear

and the internal mechanism is still lack of understanding. In this paper

the formation process and stability of soil microaggregates were summarized

and the effects of litter

roots and mycorrhizal on the formation and stability of soil microaggregates were reviewed. It was expounded that microbial community

chemical combined organic carbon and organic carbon structure in soil microaggregates were important mechanisms for soil organic carbon stability

and the research direction of microaggregates in the later stage was put forward

in order to reveal the biochemical mechanism of the formation and stability of microaggregate in the forest restoration process of red eroded soil

and to provide a reference for further clarifying the coupling effect of organic matter

soil aggregate structure microbe and chemistry

and the mechanism of forest soil carbon sequestration.

关键词

Keywords

references

Daly K R, Mooney S J, Bennett M J, et al. Assessing the influence of the rhizosphere on soil hydraulic properties using X-ray computed tomography and numerical modelling[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,2015,66(8):2305-2314.

Rashid M I, Mujawar L H, Shahzad T, et al. Bacteria and fungi can contribute to nutrients bioavailability and aggregate formation in degraded soils[J].Microbiological Research,2016,183:26-41.

潘嘉琛,刘超,董智,等.黄泛沙地不同林龄杨树人工林土壤团聚体及有机碳特征[J].水土保持研究,2022,29(3):25-30,37.

Puget P, Chenu C, Balesdent J. Dynamics of soil organic matter associated with particle-size fractions of water-stable aggregates[J]. European Journal of Soil Science,2000,51(4):595-605.

Six J, Elliott E T, Paustian K. Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation: A mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2000,32(14):2099-2103.

Six J, Conant R T, Paul E, et al. Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: Implications for C- saturation of soils[J].Plant and Soil,2002,241(2):155-176.

Volikov A B, Kholodov V A, Kulikova N A, et al. Silanized humic substances act as hydrophobic modifiers of soil separates inducing formation of water-stable aggregates in soils[J].Catena,2016,137:229-236.

Denef K, Six J, Merckx R, et al. Carbon sequestration in microaggregates of no-tillage soils with different clay mineralogy[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2004,68(6):1935-1944.

Wang S Q, Li T X, Zheng Z C. Effect of tea plantation age on the distribution of soil organic carbon nutrient within micro-aggregates in the hilly region of western Sichuan, China[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,90:113-119.

Zhou P, Song G H, Pan G X, et al. Role of chemical protection by binding to oxyhydrates in SOC sequestration in three typical paddy soils under long-term agro-ecosystem experiments from South China[J].Geoderma,2009,153(1):52-60.

胡丹丹,李浩,宋惠洁,等.长期施肥条件下红壤有机碳化学结构与团聚体稳定性的关系[J].土壤通报,2022,53(1):152-159.

Liu X, Xiong Y M, Liao B W. Relative contributions of leaf litter and fine roots to soil organic matter accumulation in mangrove forests[J].Plant and Soil,2017,421(1/2):493-503.

Duffková R, Fučík P, Jurkovská L, et al. Experimental evaluation of the potential of arbuscular mycorrhiza to modify nutrient leaching in three arable soils located on one slope[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2019,143:116-125.

Dexter A. Advances in characterization of soil structure[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1998,11(3):199-238.

Tisdall J M, Oades J M. Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils[J].Journal of Soil Science,1982,33(2):141-163.

Lu X F, Hou E Q, Guo J Y, et al. Nitrogen addition stimulates soil aggregation and enhances carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems of China: A meta- analysis[J].Global Change Biology,2021,27(12):2780-2792.

Elliott E T. Aggregate structure and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in native and cultivated soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1986,50(3):627-633.

Barbera V, Poma I, Gristina L, et al. Long-term cropping systems and tillage management effects on soil organic carbon stock and steady state level of C sequestration rates in a semiarid environment[J].Land Degradation and Development,2012,23(1):82-91.

Sun T, Chen Q, Chen Y, et al. A novel soil wetting technique for measuring wet stable aggregates[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2014,141:19-24.

Edwards A P, Bremner J M. Microaggregates in soils[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2010,18(1):64-73.

Six J, Paustian K, Elliott E T, et al. Soil structure and organic matter I. Distribution of aggregate-size classes and aggregate-associated carbon[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(2):681-689.

Tisdall J M. Possible role of soil microorganisms in aggregation in soils[J].Plant and Soil,1994,159(1):115-121.

Jastrow J D, Miller R M, Lussenho P J. Contribution so interacting biological mechanisms to soil aggregate stabilization in restored prairie[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1998,30(7):905-916.

Wachendorf C, Potthoff M, Ludwig B, et al. Effects of addition of maize litter and earthworms on C mineralization and aggregate formation in single and mixed soils differing in soil organic carbon and clay content[J].Pedobiologia,2014,57(3):161-169.

Winsome T, Mc Coll J G. Changes in chemistry and aggregation of a california forest soil worked by the earthworm

Argilophilus papillfer

eisen (megascolecidae)[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1998,30(13):1677-1687.

Six J, Bossuyt H, Degryze S, et al. A history of research on the link between (micro) aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2004,79(1):7-31.

Kindermann G E, Mc Callum I, Fritz S, et al. A global forest growing stock, biomass and carbon map based on FAO statistics[J].Silva Fennica,2008,42(3):387-396.

Cotrufo M F, Soong J L, Horton A J, et al. Formation of soil organic matter via biochemical and physical pathways of litter mass loss[J].Nature Geoscience,2015,8(10):776-779.

Lehmann J, Kinyangi J, Solomon D. Organic matter stabilization in soil microaggregates: Implications from spatial heterogeneity of organic carbon contents and carbon forms[J].Biogeochemistry,2007,85(1):45-57.

Blanco-Canqui H, Lal R. Mechanisms of carbon sequestration in soil aggregates[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,2004,23(6):481-504.

Gentile R, Vanlauwe B, Six J, et al. Litter quality impacts short- but not long-term soil carbon dynamics in soil aggregate fractions[J].Ecological Applications,2011,21(3):695-703.

魏强.亚热带典型森林凋落物输入对土壤有机碳累积和稳定性影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2018.

Abiven S, Menasseri S, Angers D A, et al. Dynamics of aggregates stability and biological binding agents during the decomposition of organic material[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2007,58(1):239-247.

De Gryze S, Six J, Brits C, et al. A quantification of short-term macroaggregates dynamics: Influences of wheat residue input and texture[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2005,37(1):693-707.

Rillig M C, Aguilar-Trigueros C A, Bergmann J, et al. Plant root and mycorrhizal fungal traits for understanding soil aggregation[J].New Phytologist,2015,205(4):1385-1388.

Averill C, Bhatnagar L M, Dietze M C,et al. Global imprint of mycorrhizal fungi on whole-plant nutrient economics[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2019,116(46):23163-23168.

Hallett P, Feeney D, Bengough A, et al. Disentangling the impact of AM fungi versus roots on soil structure and water transport[J].Plant and Soil,2009,314(1/2):183-196.

Rillig M C, Mummey D L. Mycorrhizas and soil structure[J].New Phytologist,2006,171(1):41-53.

钟思远,张静,褚国伟,等.南亚热带森林丛枝菌根真菌与土壤结构的关系[J].生态科学,2018,37(5):16-24.

Qu X J, Wu J G, Zhao J H, et al. Effects of solid organic wastes on soil particulate organic carbon structure under different water conditions.Clean-Soil Air Wate,2019,47(8):DOI:10.1002/clen.201900187.

Pascual J, Blanco S, García-López M, et al. Assessing bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of thymus zygis growing in the Sierra Nevada National Park (Spain) through culture-dependent and independent approaches[J].PLoS One,2016,11(1):1-19.

Tisdall J M. Fungal hyphae and structural stability of soil[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,1991,29(6):729-743.

Graf F, Frei M. Soil aggregation and slope stability related to soil density, root length, and mycorrhiza[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,57:314-323.

Bast A, Wilcke W, Graf F, et al. Does mycorrhizal inoculation improve plant survival, aggregate stability, and fine root development on a coarse-grained soil in an alpine eco-engineering field experiment?[J].Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences,2016,121(8):2158-2171.

Hewins D B, Sinsabaugh R L, Archer S R, et al. Soil-litter mixing and microbial activity mediate decomposition and soil aggregate formation in a sandy shrub-invaded Chihuahuan Desert grassland[J].Plant Ecology,2017,218(4):459-474.

Tang J, Mo Y H, Zhang J Y, et al. Influence of biological aggregating agents associated with microbial population on soil aggregate stability[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2011,47(3):153-159.

Caesar-TonThat T C, Stevens W B, Sainju U M, et al. Soil-aggregating bacterial community as affected by irrigation, tillage, and cropping system in the northern great plains[J].Soil Science,2014,179(1):11-20.

Miller R M, Jastrow J D. Mycor-rhizal fungi influence soil structure. In: Kapulnik Y, Douds D D (eds) arbuscular mycorrhizas: Physiology and function[M]. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht,2000.

Blaud A, Chevallier T, Virto I, et al. Bacterial community structure in soil microaggregates and on particulate organic matter fractions located outside or inside soil macroaggregates[J].Pedobiologia,2014,57(3):191-194.

Davinic M, Fultz L M, Acosta-Martinez V, et al. Pyrosequencing and mid-infrared spectroscopy reveal distinct aggregate stratification of soil bacterial communities and organic matter composition[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,46(1):63-72.

Fox A, Ikoyi I, Torres-Sallan G, et al. The influence of aggregate size fraction and horizon position on microbial community composition[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2018,127:19-29.

Young I M, Crawford J W, Nunan N, et al. Microbial distribution in soils: Physics and scaling[J].Advances in Agronomy,2008,100:81-121.

荣勤雷.有机肥/秸秆替代化肥模式对设施菜田土壤团聚体微生物特性的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2018.

Mummey D L, Stahl P D. Analysis of soil whole and inner-microaggregate bacterial communities[J].Microbial Ecology,2004,48(1):41-50.

Ebrahimi A, Or D. Microbial community dynamics in soil aggregates shape biogeochemical gas fluxes from soil profiles-upscaling an aggregate biophysical model[J].Global Change Biology,2016,22(9):3141-3156.

Smith A P, Marín-Spiotta E, de Graaff M A, et al. Microbial community structure varies across soil organic matter aggregate pools during tropical land cover change[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,77:292-303.

郑春燕.长期施肥对不同作物生产体系土壤团聚体中微生物群落的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016.

Han S, Xiong X, Luo X S, et al. Linking macroaggregation to soil microbial community and organic carbon accumulation under different tillage and residue managements[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2018,178:99-107.

何玉亭,王昌全,沈杰,等.2种生物质炭对红壤团聚体结构稳定性和微生物群落的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(12):2333-2342.

唐士明.北方农牧交错区不同土地利用方式对土壤团聚体和微生物群落的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2018.

Gupta V V S R, Germida J J. Soil aggregation: Influence on microbial biomass and implications for biological processes[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2015,80:3-9.

刘晶,张跃伟,张巧明,等.土地利用方式对豫西黄土丘陵区土壤团聚体微生物生物量及群落组成的影响[J].草业科学,2018,35(4):771-780.

王薪琪,王传宽,张泰东,等.森林土壤碳氮循环过程的新视角:丛枝与外生菌根树种的作用[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(10):1113-1125.

Zhang X F, Xin X L, Zhu A N, et al. Linking macroaggregation to soil microbial community and organic carbon accumulation under different tillage and residue managements[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2018,178:99-107.

Leifheit E F, erbruggen E V, Rillig M C. Rotation of hyphal in-growth cores has no confounding effects on soil abiotic properties[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,79:78-80.

Peng S L, Guo T, Liu G C. The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal networks on soil aggregations of purple soil in southwest China[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,57:411-417.

Zheng W, Morris E K, Rillig M C. Ectomycorrhizal fungi in association with Pinus sylvestris seedlings promote soil aggregation and soil water repellency[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,78(78):326-331.

Chenu C, Stotzky G. Interactions between microorganisms and soil particles: An overview. In:Huang P M, Bollag J M, Senesi N (eds) interactions between soil particles and microorganisms[M].UK: John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 2002:3-39.

Diehl D. Soil water repellency: Dynamics of heterogeneous surfaces[J].Colloids Surfaces A: Physicochemical Engineering Aspects,2013,432(38):8-18.

Martin S L, Mooney S J, Dickinson M J, et al. The effects of simultaneous root colonisation by three glomus species on soil pore characteristics[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,49:167-173.

Kinyangi J, Solomon D, Liang B, et al. Nanoscale biogeocomplexity of the organomineral assemblage in soil: Application of STXM microscopy and C 1s-NEXAFS spectroscopy[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2006,70:1708-1718.

Kohler-Milleret R, Le Bayon R C, Chenu C, et al. Impact of two root systems, earthworms and mycorrhizae on the physical properties of an unstable silt loam luvisol and plant production[J].Plant and Soil,2013,370(1/2):251-265.

黄荣珍,王金平,朱丽琴,等.杉木人工林土壤微团聚体中铁铝氧化物与微生物的分布及其关系[J].水土保持通报,2022,42(1):1-9.

徐建民,赛夫,袁克能.土壤有机矿质复合体研究Ⅸ. 钙键复合体和铁铝键复合体中腐殖质的形状特征[J].土壤学报,1999,36(2):168-178.

王而力,王嗣淇,邱素芬.风沙土不同有机矿质复合体对磷的解吸特征影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(4):741-747.

Bonnard P, Basile-Doelsch I, Balesdent J, et al. Organic matter content and features related to associated mineral fractions in an acid, loamy soil[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2012,63(5):625-636.

Cleveland C C, Townsend A R, Philip T, et al. Relationships among net primary productivity, nutrients and climate in tropical rain forest: A pan-tropical analysis[J].Ecology Letters,2011,14(9):939-947.

何云峰,徐建民,侯惠珍,等.有机无机复合作用对红壤团聚体组成及腐殖质氧化稳定性的影响[J].浙江农业学报,1998,10(4):197-200.

彭新华,张斌,赵其国.红壤侵蚀裸地植被恢复及土壤有机碳对团聚体稳定性的影响[J].生态学报,2003,23(10):2176-2183.

魏朝富,谢德体,陈世正.紫色水稻土有机无机复合与土粒团聚的关系[J].土壤学报,1996,33(1):70-77.

雷敏,周萍,黄道友,等.长期施肥对水稻土有机碳分布及化学结合形态的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(4):967-974.

李雄飞,刘奋武,樊文华.五台山土壤水稳性团聚体Ca-SOC和Fe(Al)-SOC分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):198-203.

李世朋,汪景宽,王开勇,等.土壤中钙键和铁/铝键结合的有机碳差异的比较[J].土壤通报,2003,34(6):501-504.

陶宝先,张保华,董杰,等.不同土地利用方式对寿光市农业土壤有机碳分子结构和稳定性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(10):1801-1806.

Bonanomi G, Incerti G, Giannino F, et al. Litter quality assessed by solid state

C NMR spectroscopy predicts decay rate better than C/N and Lignin/N ratios[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,56:40-48.

邱璇,赵建宁,李文亚,等.不同利用方式对小针茅荒漠草原土壤有机碳储量及其结构的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(11):2137-2145.

Wagai R, Kishimoto-mo A W, Yonemura S, et al. Linking temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition to its molecular structure, accessibility, and microbial physiology[J].Global Change Biology,2013,19(4):1114-1125.

张勇,胡海波,黄玉洁,等.不同植被恢复模式对土壤有机碳分子结构及其稳定性的影响[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(12):1870-1878.

Eusterhues K, Rumpel C, Kleber M, et al. Stabilisation of soil organic matter by interactions with minerals as revealed by mineral dissolution and oxidative degradation[J].Organic Geochemistry,2003,34(12):1591-1600.

Schnitzer M, Schuppli P. Method for the sequential extraction of organic matter from soils and soil fractions[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1989,53(5):1418-1424.

周萍, Alessandro P, 潘根兴,等.3种南方典型水稻土长期试验下有机碳积累机制研究Ⅲ. 2种水稻土颗粒有机质结构特征的变化[J].土壤学报,2009,46(3):398-405.

郭素春,郁红艳,朱雪竹,等.长期施肥对潮土团聚体有机碳分子结构的影响[J].土壤学报,2013,50(5):922-930.

谢锦升,杨玉盛,陈光水,等.植被恢复对退化红壤团聚体稳定性及碳分布的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(2):702-709.

高盼.植被恢复对泰和退化红壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳组分的影响[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2020.

Fang X, Zhou G Y, Li Y L, et al. Warming effects on biomass and composition of microbial communities and enzyme activities within soil aggregates in subtropical forest[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2015,52(3):353-365.

Chaudhary D R, Rathore A P, Jha B. Halophyte residue decomposition and microbial community structure in coastal soil[J].Land Degradation and Development,2019,30:1479-1489.

Huang J Q, Zhang C W, Cheng D B, et al. Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates[J].Open Chemistry,2019,17(1):381-391.

管鸿智,黄荣珍,王金平,等.红壤区退化林地表土真菌群落结构对土壤改良措施的响应[J].环境科学,2023,44(1):494-501.

Huang Z Q, Clinton P W, Davis M R. Post-harvest residue management effects on recalcitrant carbon pools and plant biomarkers within the soil heavy fraction in Pinus radiata plantations[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(2):404-412.

Asano M, Wagai R. Evidence of aggregate hierarchy at micro-to submicron scales in an allophanic Andisol[J].Geoderma, 2014,216:62-74.

Balaria A, Johnson C E, Xu Z H. Molecular-scale characterization of hot-water-extractable organic matter in organic horizons of a forest soil[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,2009,73:812-821.

Zhu L Q, Huang R Z, Wang J P, et al. Litter, root, and mycorrhiza input affected soil microbial community structure in

Schima superba

pure forest in subtropical China[J].Diversity,2023,15(1):e82.

Christensen B T. Physical fractionation of soil and structural and functional complexity in organic matter turnover[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2001,52(3):345-353.

Wershaw R L, Llaguno E C, Leenheer J A. Mechanism of formation of humus coatings on mineral surfaces 3. Composition of adsorbed organic acids from compost leachate on alumina by solid-state 13C NMR[J].Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,1996,108(2/3):213-223.

Kleber M, Sollins P, Sutton R. A conceptual model of organo-mineral interactions in soils: Self-assembly of organic molecular fragments into zonal structures on mineral surfaces[J].Biogeochemistry,2007,85(1):9-24.

Views

1428

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Influence and Mechanisms of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Detachment Capacity in Red Soil Hilly Regions

Rainfall Erosion Characteristics of Young Citrus Orchards on Calcareous Soil and Red Soil Slopes in Karst Areas of Northwest Guangxi

Soil Erosion Process Under the Combined Action of Water and Gravity on Red Soil Slope

Dynamic Effects of Varying Amount of Rice Straw on Different Aluminum Form

Water Holding Characteristics in Three Broadleaved Plantations

Related Author

WU Jieling

ZHOU Qin

LIN Qiang

ZHOU Shiqi

XI Jie

HUANG Shaoyan

ZHA Xuan

ZHENG Jinde

Related Institution

Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry-of Education

Fujian Experimental Station of Soil and Water Conservation

School of Geographical Sciences， Fujian Normal University

Huanjiang Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang

Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited

⁰