The Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Moisture and Nutrients in Soil Profile of Dwarf Apple Orchards Under Drip Fertigation in Weibei Dry-Land, China

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.047

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The Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Moisture and Nutrients in Soil Profile of Dwarf Apple Orchards Under Drip Fertigation in Weibei Dry-Land, China

更新时间：2025-03-12

- The Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Moisture and Nutrients in Soil Profile of Dwarf Apple Orchards Under Drip Fertigation in Weibei Dry-Land, China
- Vol. 34, Issue 5, Pages: 343-348(2020)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
  3. 西北农林科技大学苹果试验站,陕西,渭南,715600
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.047
  CLC：
- Published：2020
- 稿件说明：
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The Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Moisture and Nutrients in Soil Profile of Dwarf Apple Orchards Under Drip Fertigation in Weibei Dry-Land, China[J]. 2020, 34(5): 343-348.
DOI：

The Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Moisture and Nutrients in Soil Profile of Dwarf Apple Orchards Under Drip Fertigation in Weibei Dry-Land, China[J]. 2020, 34(5): 343-348. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.047.

摘要

通过采集渭北旱塬矮化果园4个不同时间点（4月2日，5月1日，5月30日，8月13日）的土壤剖面样品，分析滴灌施肥下土壤剖面水分和养分时空分布的特征。结果表明：（1）前期土壤剖面水分集中分布在滴灌点附近，水平迁移距离20 cm，垂直迁移距离100 cm；后期滴灌和降雨增多，导致在60—100 cm深土层出现较高的土壤水分含量，土壤水分在水平方向上有明显的分布差异。（2）土壤硝态氮表现出明显的随水移动规律，且集中分布在水分湿润区边缘附近，垂直迁移距离大于水平距离。（3）土壤速效磷、速效钾在土壤剖面呈现出"表聚现象"，速效磷主要分布在水平方向0—20 cm，垂直方向0—30 cm区域，速效钾主要分布在水平方向0—40 cm，垂直方向0—40 cm；均表现滴灌点区域含量高，远离滴灌点含量相对较低，具有明显的空间分布差异。在水平方向20—40，0—40 cm深土层速效钾含量相对较低，出现较明显的低值区域，后期该区域出现水平方向远离。（4）建议减少灌溉量，水分入渗深度应控制在0—40 cm，从而减少氮素淋溶流失；合理调整滴灌点与树干的距离，保证当年新生根系能吸收到充足氮、磷、钾养分。

Abstract

The samples of soil profile at four different times (April 2

May 1

May 30 and August 13) of dwarfed apple orchards under drip fertigation in Weibei dry-land were collected to analyze the characteristics of spatial and temporal distributions of moisture and nutrients in soil profile. The results showed as follows: (1) Soil moisture was concentrated around the drip emitter in the early time. Soil moisture presented an obvious accumulation phenomenon with horizontal movement distance of 20 cm and vertical movement distance of 100 cm. At the later stages

the increased drip irrigation and rainfall resulted in the higher soil moisture in the soil layer of 60-100 cm. A significant difference in the distributions of soil moisture was observed in the horizontal direction. (2) Soil nitrate nitrogen showed an obvious movement with water which distributed concentratedly near the edge of the wetting area and the vertical migration distance was greater than the horizontal migration distance. (3) Surface accumulation of available phosphorus and available potassium were observed on the soil profile. Available phosphorus mainly distributed in 0-20 cm in the horizontal direction and 0-30 cm in the vertical direction. Available potassium distributed mainly in 0-40 cm in the horizontal direction and 0-40 cm in the vertical direction. All the results showed that the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium of near drip emitter were higher than those far away from

which showed an obvious spatial distribution difference. In the horizontal direction of 20-40 cm and the depth of 0-40 cm

the contents of available potassium showed a relatively obvious low-value area where appeared far away in horizontal direction later.(4) Therefore

it is recommended that the amount of irrigation should be reduced to control the depth of water infiltration at 0-40 cm and reduce the loss of nitrogen leaching. The distance between the drip emitter and the plant should be adjusted to ensure that the new root system could absorb sufficient nitrogen

phosphorus and potassium nutrients.

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