Effects of Different Conservation Tillages on Soil Environment and Yield of Dryland Maize in Cold Climate Areas

ZHANG Dongmei; JIANG Chunxia; ZHANG Wei; WANG Xiaojuan; LIU Huatao; YANG Ke; YAN Liuying; LIU Enke; ZHAI Guangqian

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.06.032

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Effects of Different Conservation Tillages on Soil Environment and Yield of Dryland Maize in Cold Climate Areas

更新时间：2025-03-12

- Effects of Different Conservation Tillages on Soil Environment and Yield of Dryland Maize in Cold Climate Areas
- Vol. 32, Issue 6, Pages: 222-228(2018)
- 作者机构：
  
  山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心,太原,030031
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.06.032
  CLC： S513;S157.4
- Published：2018
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
ZHANG Dongmei, JIANG Chunxia, ZHANG Wei, et al. Effects of Different Conservation Tillages on Soil Environment and Yield of Dryland Maize in Cold Climate Areas[J]. 2018, 32(6): 222-228.
DOI：

ZHANG Dongmei, JIANG Chunxia, ZHANG Wei, et al. Effects of Different Conservation Tillages on Soil Environment and Yield of Dryland Maize in Cold Climate Areas[J]. 2018, 32(6): 222-228. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.06.032.

摘要

针对冷凉区旱地玉米生产中存在的干旱缺水、低温冷凉、土壤肥力下降等问题，于2011—2016年采用裂区设计，在山西省旱作节水农业—阳曲县河村示范基地，设置了6种不同耕作覆盖处理，研究旱地玉米保护性耕作的土壤环境及产量效应。结果表明：（1）免耕+二元覆盖、条耕+二元覆盖分别较常规旋耕+地膜覆盖平均增加0—200 cm土壤贮水量20.8，32.1 mm；免耕+秸秆半覆盖、条耕+秸秆半覆盖分别较常规旋耕+露地种植平均增加0—200 cm土壤贮水量24.3，16.3 mm。（2）不同耕作处理土壤紧实度差异主要在15 cm内，条耕平均为常规旋耕的2.6倍，免耕第1年土壤紧实度最高，为常规耕作的4.6倍，以后逐年下降。（3）免耕+二元覆盖、条耕+二元覆盖分别较常规旋耕+地膜覆盖日平均地温降低0.2，0.1 ℃（5 cm）和0.8，0.3 ℃（10 cm）；免耕+秸秆半覆盖、条耕+秸秆半覆盖分别较常规旋耕+露地种植日平均地温降低0.7，0.4 ℃（5 cm）和1.5，1.0 ℃（10 cm）。（4）保护性耕作3年后，免耕和条耕平均较常规旋耕增加0—20 cm土壤有机质含量1.5 g/kg（覆膜）和1.2 g/kg（不覆膜）；保护性耕作5年后，土壤培肥效应更加明显。（5）免耕+二元覆盖、条耕+二元覆盖分别较常规旋耕+地膜覆盖平均增产4.4%和6.9%，且条耕+二元覆盖经济产量显著大于常规旋耕+地膜覆盖；免耕+秸秆半覆盖、条耕+秸秆半覆盖、常规旋耕+露地种植平均产量之间没有显著差异。目前来说，适宜该区域的蓄水保墒、培肥土壤、稳产高产的保护性耕作措施为条耕+二元覆盖。

Abstract

In order to solve the problems during dryland maize production in cold climate areas

such as drought and water shortage

low temperature

soil fertility decline and so on

a field experiment was conducted with split plot design in the demonstration base of dryland water-saving agriculture in He village of Yangqu county

Shanxi Province in 2011-2016. The effects of conservation tillage on soil environment and yield of dryland maize were studied with six different tillage mulching treatments. The results showed that:(1) Compared with conventional rotary tillage and plastic film mulching (CTP)

no-tillage

straw and plastic film mulching (NTSP) and strip-tillage

straw and plastic film mulching (STSP) increased soil water storage by 20.8 mm and 32.1 mm respectively in 0-200 cm. Compared with conventional rotary tillage and bare land (CTO)

no-tillage

semi straw mulching (NTSS) and strip-tillage

semi straw mulching (STSS) increased soil water storage by 24.3 mm and 16.3 mm respectively in 0-200 cm. (2) The difference of soil densities among different treatments mainly occurred within 15 cm

with 2.6 times under strip-tillage as much as the conventional rotary tillage. In the first year of no tillage

soil density was the highest

4.6 times of that conventional tillage

and then decreased year after year. (3) Compared with CTP

the daily average soil temperature under NTSP and STSP decreased by 0.2℃ and 0.1℃ (5 cm)

0.8℃ and 0.3℃ (10 cm). Compared with CTO

the daily average soil temperature under NTSS and STSS decreased 0.7℃ and 0.4℃ (5 cm)

1.5℃ and 1.0℃(10 cm). (4) After 3 years of conservation tillage

no tillage and strip-tillage increased soil organic matter contents in 0-20 cm by 1.5 g/kg (film mulching) and 1.2 g/kg (no film mulching) averagely compared with conventional rotary tillage. And after 5 years

the effect of fertilizing soil was more obvious. (5) The economic yields under NTSP and STSP increased by 4.4% and 6.9%

respectively

compared with CTP

and the economic yield of STSP was significantly higher than that of CTP. There was no significant difference in average yield between NTSS

STSS and CTO. Generally

STSP is the appropriate conservation tillage for the area to store water and preserve soil moisture

to fertilize the soil

and to maintain stable and high yield.

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